Chemistry: Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, 6th Edition (Silberberg)

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1			An alkaline earth element is radioactive. It and its daughter elements decay by emitting a total of three alpha particles in succession. In what group of the periodic table is the element resulting from the emission of the third alpha particle?
			A)	4A (14)
			B)	5A (15)
			C)	6A (16)
			D)	7A (17)
			E)	8A (18)
2			Given that the stable isotopes of potassium are potassium-39 and potassium-41, what type of emission should be expected from the radioisotope, potassium-38?
			A)	proton
			B)	neutron
			C)	β particle
			D)	positron
			E)	a particle
3			Alpha decay is most common for
			A)	light, neutron-rich nuclei.
			B)	light, neutron-poor nuclei.
			C)	light nuclei which lie close to the band of stability.
			D)	nuclei with an unfavorable N/Z ratio.
			E)	heavy nuclei, beyond the end of the band of stability.
4			The half-life of 129I is 1.72 ´ 107 years. Consider a sample that contains 2.39 ´ 106 atoms of this isotope. How many of those atoms will have disintegrated after 3.44 ´ 107 years?
			A)	7.97 ´ 105
			B)	5.97 ´ 105
			C)	1.19 ´ 106
			D)	1.79 ´ 106
			E)	2.39 ´ 105
5			Cesium-134 is a b emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years. How much of a 2.50 microgram sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10.0 years?
			A)	0.50 mg
			B)	0.25 mg
			C)	0.078 mg
			D)	0.0024 mg
			E)	None of the above
6			The specific activity resulting from the decay of carbon-14 in a fresh wood sample is 15.2 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. A piece of charcoal from an archeological site has a specific activity of 2.93 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. Given that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, calculate or estimate the "age" of the charcoal sample.
			A)	1.10 ´ 103 years
			B)	8.96 ´ 103 years
			C)	1.36 ´ 104 years
			D)	1.92 ´ 104 years
			E)	2.97 ´ 104 years
7			What symbol is needed to complete the nuclear equation:<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=gif::::/sites/dl/free/0310402656/37547/Image24.gif','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a> ?
			A)	b
			B)	n
			C)	b+
			D)	a
			E)	<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=gif::::/sites/dl/free/0310402656/37547/Image25.gif','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (0.0K)</a>
8			Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
			A)	Alpha particles emitted by a source outside of the human body do not affect internal organs.
			B)	Beta particles cannot penetrate ordinary light clothing.
			C)	Gamma rays can penetrate deeply into living tissue.
			D)	Alpha particles emitted by a source inside the human body can cause significant damage to internal organs.
			E)	Positrons can penetrate ordinary light clothing.
9			The difference between the rad and the rem is
			A)	the rem is a rad per year.
			B)	the rad takes into account the type of radiation.
			C)	the rem takes into account the effect on the particular biological tissue.
			D)	the rem is a rad per kilogram.
			E)	none of the above.
10			The atomic mass of chromium-52 is 51.940509 amu. Use data from your textbook to calculate the mass defect (Dm) for this isotope.
			A)	0.486551 amu
			B)	0.489911 amu
			C)	0.466391 amu
			D)	0.510071 amu
			E)	0.488231 amu
11			Given that the mass defect (Dm) for carbon-12 is 1.648 ´ 10-25 g, what is the average binding energy per nucleon of a 12C nucleus, in J?
			A)	1.48 ´ 10-11 J
			B)	2.47 ´ 10-12 J
			C)	1.23 ´ 10-12 J
			D)	7.42 ´ 1014 J
			E)	None of the above.
12			How are nuclides with mass numbers above 230 formed?
			A)	by the s-process during the normal lifetimes of stars
			B)	by the s-process during supernova explosions
			C)	by the r-process during the normal lifetimes of stars
			D)	by the r-process during supernova explosions
			E)	by none of the above mechanisms
13			Which of the following factors affects the rate of a fission reaction in a nuclear reactor?
			A)	the temperature in the reactor
			B)	the pressure in the reactor
			C)	the concentration of neutrons in the reactor
			D)	the presence of a catalyst
			E)	none of the above
14			If each step in a fission chain reaction were to produce, on average, 2.5 neutrons, how many neutrons would be released in the 10th step, starting from one neutron?
			A)	102.5
			B)	2.510
			C)	2.5 ´ 10
			D)	2.5 ´ 210
			E)	none of the above