Chemistry: Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, 6th Edition (Silberberg)

Chapter 24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Self-Assessment Quiz 1

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1
A radioisotope decays to give an alpha particle and Th-234. What was the original element?
A)Pa
B)Bi
C)U
D)Ra
E)Rn
2
When Pb-210 decays by emission of a b particle, what isotope is formed?
A)Bi-209
B)Bi-210
C)Pb-209
D)Tl-210
E)Tl-209
3
Given that potassium-39 is a stable nuclide, what type of particle would you expect to be emitted when potassium-42 decays?
A)proton
B)neutron
C)beta particle
D)positron
E)alpha particle
4
What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after three half-lives?
A)1/4
B)1/5
C)1/6
D)1/8
E)none of the above
5
What is the specific activity (in Ci/g) of radioactive sample if 4.56 mg emits 2.27 ´ 108b particles per second?
A)4.97 Ci/g
B)0.135 Ci/g
C)1.35 Ci/g
D)0.00133 Ci/g
E)none of the above
6
Tritium (hydrogen-3) is a naturally-occurring isotope, present in water, and has a half-life of 12.3 years. A bottle of aged red wine has a tritium activity which is three-quarters as great as in newly-bottled wine. Estimate or calculate the age of the wine.
A)16.4 years
B)9.3 years
C)8.9 years
D)5.1 years
E)3.1 years
7
When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an isotope of phosphorus are produced. What is the mass number of the isotope?
A)28
B)29
C)30
D)31
E)32
8
Gamma-rays and X-rays interact with matter, causing
A)formation of ions, but no free radicals.
B)formation of free radicals, but no ions.
C)nuclear transmutation reactions.
D)formation of ions and free radicals.
E)formation of ions and nuclear transmutation reactions.
9
For the average person, what is the source of the greatest amount of radiation per year?
A)radiation from the air, especially radon gas
B)medical and dental X-rays
C)cosmic rays
D)potassium-40 in the body
E)nuclear power plants and their spent fuel
10
Considering the most stable isotope of each of the following elements, predict which one has the highest binding energy per nucleon.
A)hydrogen
B)beryllium
C)lithium
D)uranium
E)cobalt
11
The atomic mass of manganese-55 is 54.938 amu. Use data from your textbook to determine the total binding energy of this nuclide, in J/atom.
A)2.58 ´ 10-19 J
B)4.65 ´ 1016 J
C)1.33 ´ 10-19 J
D)7.74 ´ 10-11 J
E)None of the above
12
Which of the following cannot be an example of nuclear fusion?
A)A nuclear reaction in which two reactants have greater binding energy than their fused product.
B)A nuclear reaction in which a carbon nucleus is produced.
C)The primary energy-producing reaction in the Sun.
D)The primary energy-producing reaction in a hydrogen bomb.
E)A reaction in which the reactants are less stable than the products.
13
A typical neutron-initiated fission of U-235 yields Mo-97, two neutrons, and another element. What is this second element?
A)In
B)Te
C)Sn
D)Sb
E)La
14
Which of the following are present in a nuclear reactor in order to slow the rate of the chain reaction?
A)reflectors
B)control rods
C)moderators
D)heavy water
E)zirconium
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