Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 19: Earthquakes

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
A large ocean wave that is generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake is called a(n) __________.
A)tidal range
B)upwelling current
C)tsunami
D)seiche
2
Which type of seismic wave moves in a push-pull direction?
A)primary wave
B)secondary wave
C)surface wave
D)longitudinal wave
3
According to the map, at which latitude and longitude is most likely to experience an earthquake?
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A)30°S, 60°W
B)0°N, 180°W
C)60°N, 120°E
D)0°N, 30°W
4
At what point in the graph would a rock be permanently deformed?

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A)at the elastic limit
B)at the start of the stress
C)at the failure point
D)past the elastic limit
5
How many times larger is a magnitude 3 than a magnitude 1 earthquake on the Richter scale?
A)1/10 times
B)10 times
C)100 000 times
D)100 times
6
What are most earthquakes associated with?
A)divergent plate boundaries
B)mid-ocean ridges
C)rift valleys
D)plate boundaries
7
What are shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquake classifications based on?
A)amplitude of the largest wave
B)the amount of damage
C)the depth of the focus
D)frequency of the largest wave
8
On what type of data is the modified Mercalli scale based?
A)its P-wave
B)amplitude of the largest wave
C)frequency of the waves
D)amount of damage
9
What is the numerical rating of the Richter scale based on?
A)damage from the largest wave
B)size of the largest wave
C)wavelength of the waves
D)frequency of the waves
10
What is Earth's core composed of?
A)iron and nickel
B)hydrogen and iron
C)nickel and silicon
D)magnesium and silicon
11
How did scientists learn that Earth's core is partly liquid?
A)S-waves refracted as they reached the outer core.
B)S-waves intersected with P-waves at the core-mantle boundary.
C)S-waves disappeared when they reached the outer core.
D)S-waves sped up when they entered the outer core.
12
What is the probability of earthquake occurrence based on?
A)strain buildup only
B)location of foci
C)reoccurrence rates of earthquakes in an area and the rate of strain buildup
D)magnitude of P-waves
13
What is the study of earthquakes called?
A)cartography
B)sedimentology
C)geology
D)seismology
14
What type of instrument can measure the vibrations of an earthquake?
A)seismograph
B)seismometer
C)GPS
D)sonar
15
Where does an earthquake originate?
A)at Earth's inner core
B)at the P-wave
C)at the epicenter
D)at the focus
16
Which type of fault results in a decrease in horizontal distance?
A)reverse
B)shear
C)strike-slip
D)normal
17
Which type of stress pulls a material apart?
A)shear
B)compression
C)tension
D)strain
18
Which wave arrives at a seismic facility first?
A)tidal wave
B)S-wave
C)surface wave
D)P-wave
19
Which type of material is least desirable to build with in earthquake-prone areas?
A)wood
B)concrete
C)steel
D)brick
20
What material is most likely to experience soil liquefaction?
A)water saturated soil or sand
B)rocks and sand in the desert
C)volcanic ash that gets mixed with melting snow
D)topsoil in which crops are growing
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