Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 15: Earth's Ocean

Standardized Test Practice-English

1
When did the first modern oceanographic expedition occur?
A)early 1950s
B)1500s
C)early 1800s
D)late 1800s
2
Wave height is determined by three factors. Wind duration and fetch are two of the factors. What is the third factor?
A)crest height
B)wind speed
C)current direction
D)water depth
3
What is the densest and coldest water mass of all Earth's oceans?
A)North Atlantic deep water
B)Antarctic intermediate water
C)Antarctic bottom water
D)Gulf Stream
4
What is the cause of ocean layering?
A)evaporation
B)density differences
C)polar ice caps
D)currents
5
Of the salts listed below, which is most abundant in sea water?
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A)potassium bromide
B)calcium chloride
C)sodium sulfate
D)magnesium chloride
6
Which element is not an ion found in ocean water?
A)Cl
B)Na
C)K
D)Ni
7
What is the average salinity of ocean water?
A)37 percent
B)37 ppt
C)30 ppt
D)35 ppt
8
What is the thermocline?
A)the formation of cold water coming from Antarctica
B)a layer of cold water in the ocean
C)a zone of the ocean where the temperature decreases with depth
D)zone of the ocean where in salinity increases with depth
9
When the Moon, Earth, and Sun are aligned, large tidal ranges called __________ occur.
A)full tides
B)spring tides
C)neap tides
D)tidal ranges
10
Currents in the oceans flow, at different depths, both toward and away from the tropics. What are the main causes of this layering of ocean currents?
A)the varying depths of the oceans
B)water temperature and salinity
C)the movement of tectonic plates on the seafloor
D)the rotation of Earth
11
In which direction is an ocean current's path of motion deflected by the Coriolis effect?
A)to the left in the northern hemisphere and to the right in the southern hemisphere
B)to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
C)to the left in both the northern and southern hemispheres
D)to the right in both the northern and southern hemispheres
12
At what latitudes is ocean water most warmed by the Sun?
A)at low latitudes
B)at the poles
C)at high latitudes
D)at temperate latitudes
13
Why is water dark below about 100 m depth?
A)Light rays can only penetrate that far.
B)The water is too dense for light to penetrate.
C)Cold water doesn't transmit light as well as warm.
D)Suspended sediment in water blocks the light from going deeper.
14
At what level is the water density highest?
A)right above the surface
B)just below the ocean surface
C)between the surface and seafloor
D)at the bottom, where water is in contact wit the seafloor
15
What is responsible for the formation of ocean tides?
A)friction
B)orbit
C)gravity
D)wind
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