1 During relatively warm times of Earth's geologic history, the volume of glacial ice was __________ and sea level was __________.A) high, high B) low, high C) low, low D) high, low 2 In the graph, what is the sharp drop in temperature from about 16° C to about 7° C called? (16.0K)A) the temperaturcline B) the trophocline C) the thermocline D) the tomocline 3 The density of seawater is dependent on _________A) salinity and temperature B) temperature and currents C) salinity only D) temperature only 4 The salinity of seawater has been _______ over geologic time.A) increasing B) decreasing C) constant D) always changing 5 How might scientists use sonar to explore the ocean?A) to record animal sightings B) to take accurate samples from the sea floor C) to map the ocean floor D) to record surface temperatures 6 Today, water vapor that is added to Earth's atmosphere is destroyed by __________.A) the ozone hole B) X rays C) ultraviolet radiation D) the greenhouse effect 7 What are wind-driven currents called?A) spring tides B) density currents C) surface currents D) ocean currents 8 What determines the speed of waves in deep water?A) wave height B) direction of waves C) wavelength D) surface currents 9 What do the circles in the figure represent? (15.0K)A) bubbles B) water movement C) wavelength D) heat energy 10 What geologic process released large amounts of water vapor into Earth's early atmosphere?A) precipitation as ice, water, or snow B) melting of glacial ice C) movement of ocean currents D) volcanic eruptions 11 What is one source of sodium ions found in the ocean?A) the shells of marine organisms B) volcanic gases C) ultraviolet radiation D) evaporation 12 What is the difference between low and high tide called?A) tidal range B) neap tide C) full moon D) riptide 13 What is the source of cold water of Earth's oceans?A) equatorial seas B) polar seas C) years with long winters D) years with cold temperatures 14 In the figure below, what does the middle layer, labeled Y, represent? (20.0K)A) a zone of consistently warm water temperature B) a zone of consistently cool water temperature C) a zone where the water temperature rapidly decreases with depth D) a zone where the water temperature rapidly increases with depth 15 What type of technology is used to map the ocean floor?A) GPS B) submarines C) sonar D) UV radiation 16 Why are salinities lower than average in some areas close to the equator?A) rapid evaporation B) abundant precipitation C) larger clouds D) stronger winds 17 Wave height is determined by three factors. Wind duration and fetch are two of the factors. What is the third factor?A) crest height B) wind speed C) current direction D) water depth 18 Currents in the oceans flow, at different depths, both toward and away from the tropics. What are the main causes of this layering of ocean currents?A) the varying depths of the oceans B) water temperature and salinity C) the movement of tectonic plates on the seafloor D) the rotation of Earth 19 What is the average salinity of ocean water?A) 25 ppt B) 30 ppt C) 35 ppt D) 37 ppt 20 At which ocean depth is the water density highest?A) right on the ocean surface B) just below the ocean surface C) between the surface and seafloor D) at the bottom, where water is in contact with the seafloor