Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 7: Weathering, Erosion, and Soil

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
Gullies can cause big problems for farmers. What weathering agent forms gullies?

A)wave action
B)flowing water
C)strong winds
D)glacial ice
2
According to the map in the figure, around which latitude would you expect to see the most physical weathering?
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A)above 60 degrees north in Asia
B)between 30 and 60 degrees north in North America
C)around 30 degrees north in Africa
D)between 30 and 60 degrees south in Australia
3
According to the map in the figure, which land mass undergoes the least amount of chemical weathering?
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A)South America
B)Asia
C)Africa
D)Australia
4
How does temperature affect chemical weathering?
A)It is an agent of weathering.
B)It affects the amount of oxygen involved in weathering.
C)It affects the rate of weathering.
D)It affects the type of weathering.
5
In the figure, which flat of crops would experience the least amount of erosion?
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A)Both would experience the same amount of erosion.
B)The one with vertical rows.
C)It is impossible to tell from this.
D)The one with horizontal rows.
6
Soil that is directly above its parent material is called ____.
A)residual soil
B)transported soil
C)organic-rich soil
D)soil profile
7
The chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances is called __________.
A)reduction
B)erosion
C)hydrolysis
D)oxidation
8
The removal and transport of weathered materials is known as __________.
A)oxidation
B)hydrolysis
C)frost wedging
D)erosion
9
What is a farming method that can reduce the effect of erosion?
A)planting wind barriers
B)clear cutting
C)selective harvesting
D)irrigation
10
What is formed by the deposition of large amounts of sediment into a body of water by a river?
A)a delta
B)a rill
C)an alluvial fan
D)a gully
11
What is the process by which rocks at Earth's surface break down and change?
A)erosion
B)hydrolysis
C)exfoliation
D)weathering
12
What is the reaction of water with other substances called?
A)oxidation
B)hydrolysis
C)erosion
D)physical weathering
13
What soil horizon has high concentrations of organic matter and humus?
A)horizon A
B)horizon B
C)horizon Z
D)horizon C
14
What two variables control how fast a soil forms?
A)residual vs. transported soil
B)type of parent rock and climate
C)temperature and pressure
D)type and age of parent rock
15
Which type of soil has a high level of salt and can support only limited vegetation?
A)a desert soil
B)a temperate soil
C)a tropical soil
D)a polar soil
16
Which location would have a thicker, more organic rich soil?.
A)hillside
B)valley
C)mountaintop
D)plateau
17
According to the figure, which city in Australia will experience the most erosion by running water?
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A)Cook
B)Perth
C)Darwin
D)Cook and Darwin
18
What two substances combine to form carbonic acid?
A)methane and water
B)oxygen and carbon dioxide
C)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D)carbon dioxide and water
19
You find a soil sample with 50 percent sand, 20 percent silt, and 40 percent clay. Use the figure to determine the soil's texture.
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A)silt loam
B)loam
C)clay loam
D)sandy clay loam
20
Physical weathering rates are highest in areas with _____.
A)repeated freezing and thawing
B)cool and dry climates
C)warm and wet climates
D)warm and dry climates
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