Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 5: Igneous Rock

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
According to the figure, what type of rocks can include quartz?

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A)peridotite
B)granite
C)gabbro
D)basalt
2
The history of cooling is preserved in the rock. What does a porphyritic texture mean in terms of cooling history?
A)The magma cooled quickly all at once.
B)The magma cooled quickly, and then the cooling slowed down.
C)The magma cooled slowly at first, and then the cooling sped up.
D)The magma stayed molten at first, and then the cooling cooled slowly.
3
Igneous rocks are identified by their composition and texture characteristics. What does texture refer to?
A)overall color
B)crystal size
C)rough or smooth feel
D)presence of vesicles
4
Granite is an example of a(n) __________ rock.
A)extrusive igneous
B)volcanic ash
C)intrusive igneous
D)partially melted
5
During fractional crystallization mineral crystals _____________.
A)form and break
B)melt and become part of the magma
C)form and become separated from the magma
D)change from one mineral type to another
6
What branch of Bowen's reaction series cools with a continuous change in composition?
A)the iron-magnesium groups
B)the carbonates
C)the feldspars
D)the silica chains
7
What is an example of an igneous ore deposit?
A)metal-rich quartz veins
B)placer deposits
C)hydrothermal deposits
D)porphyritic deposits
8
What is the last mineral to form on the left branch of Bowen's reaction series?
A)pyroxene
B)feldspar
C)olivine
D)quartz
9
What process explains why a molten magma often is a mix of molten rock and crystals?
A)plate tectonics
B)melting points
C)partial melting
D)Bowen's reaction series
10
Which is not a compositional classification of a magma?
A)basaltic
B)rhyolitic
C)andesitic
D)phaneritic
11
Which rock shown in the figure cooled the fastest?
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A)fine-grained
B)porphorytic
C)glassy
D)coarse-grained
12
What is the source of heat inside Earth that melts rocks into magma?
A)geothermal energy
B)Earth's magnetic field
C)the decay of radioactive elements
D)other molten rocks
13
What is the temperature change in Earth's crust called?
A)geothermal gradient
B)radioactive decay
C)hydrothermal gradient
D)thermal energy
14
Which term describes igneous rocks that cooled at or near Earth's surface?
A)lava
B)molten
C)extrusive
D)intrusive
15
Which observation about a rock could lead you to identify it as igneous?
A)well-defined layers
B)glassy texture
C)contains pebbles
D)made of calcite
16
Which rock has an intermediate composition?
A)rhyolite
B)diorite
C)dunite
D)basaltic
17
According to Bowen's reaction series shown below, what mineral results in a continuous reaction series?
A)magnesium
B)calcium
C)iron
D)quartz
18
Igneous rocks form from _______.
A)cementation of mineral grains
B)crystallization of magma
C)increased pressures and temperatures
D)compaction of loose sediments
19
Which explains the relationship between cooling magma and mineral formation?
A)partial melting
B)Bowen's reaction series
C)geothermal gradients
D)branches of crystallization
20
What has a mafic composition and a coarse-grained texture?
A)diorite
B)basalt
C)gabbro
D)obsidian
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