Sociology & You

Chapter 15: Sport

Chapter Overviews

The Nature of Sport As a social institution, sport fulfills important societal needs. It teaches some of the basic values of society, promotes attachment to society, and helps individuals identify with other members of society. Sport in American society reflects the culture's emphasis on achievement. It also reflects the male-dominated society in America, although much progress has been made toward equality in sports. The relationship between sport, society, and culture can also be seen in sport subcultures.

Theoretical Perspectives and Sport Although sociologists agree that sport mirrors society and that the relationship is complex, they disagree over the social implications of sport. Functionalists think sport is important primarily because it helps society work more smoothly. It teaches basic beliefs and values, promotes a sense of social identification, offers a safe release of aggressive feelings, and encourages the development of character. To conflict theorists, sport is a social institution in which the most powerful oppress, manipulate, coerce, and exploit others. Symbolic interactionists are concerned with the personal meaning, social relationships, and symbols of sports.

Social Issues in Sport There are various social issues surrounding sport today. Sport contributes to upward social mobility among collegiate athletes, but the opportunities are few and divert attention from learning academic and business-related skills necessary for success. Minorities continue to face discrimination in sport. Women suffer from gender-based stereotypes, although this situation is slowly improving.