Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition (Shier)

Chapter 18: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Post-Test Questions

Your Results:

The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .

1			Which of the following will cause an increase in the volume of urine produced?
			A)	increased sodium reabsorption in the kidney tubules
			B)	increased osmotic pressure in the blood
			C)	high levels of ADH
			D)	drinking a caffeinated beverage
2			The level of calcium in the blood can be raised by
			A)	increased secretion of calcitonin
			B)	decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
			C)	increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
			D)	increased secretion of aldosterone
3			Edema can be caused by all of the following except
			A)	low levels of plasma protein
			B)	obstruction of lymphatic vessels
			C)	decreased capillary permeability
			D)	increased venous pressure
4			Anaerobic respiration of glucose produces
			A)	carbonic acid
			B)	lactic acid
			C)	phosphoric acid
			D)	ketones
5			Emphysema can result in
			A)	respiratory acidosis
			B)	metabolic acidosis
			C)	respiratory alkalosis
			D)	metabolic alkalosis
6			The strength of an acid depends on the
			A)	number of hydrogen ions in each molecule
			B)	nature of the inorganic salt
			C)	degree to which molecules dissociate in water
			D)	concentration of acid molecules
7			A buffer is a substance that
			A)	returns an acid solution to neutral
			B)	converts acid solutions to alkaline solutions
			C)	converts strong acids or bases to weak acids or bases
			D)	returns an alkaline solution to neutral
8			Which of the following is not one of the three most important buffer systems in the body?
			A)	bicarbonate buffer
			B)	phosphate buffer
			C)	protein buffer
			D)	sodium/potassium buffer
9			Drinking excessive amounts of water will cause
			A)	hypernatremia
			B)	hyponatremia
			C)	hyperkalemia
			D)	hypokalemia
10			A specialized fraction of the extracellular fluid compartment, the transcellular compartment, includes the cerebrospinal and synovial fluid.
			A)	True
			B)	False
11			Plasma leaves the capillary at the arteriolar end, because of the outward force of osmotic pressure.
			A)	True
			B)	False
12			Distention of the stomach as an individual drinks fluids triggers nerve impulses that inhibit the thirst mechanism.
			A)	True
			B)	False
13			Less than 50% of water is lost as urine.
			A)	True
			B)	False
14			Alcohol acts as a diuretic by inhibiting ADH release.
			A)	True
			B)	False
15			Excessive aldosterone secretion may result in hypokalemia.
			A)	True
			B)	False
16			Alkalosis occurs when the pH of body fluids rises above 7.45.
			A)	True
			B)	False
17			If carbon dioxide production increases, the respiratory rate will decrease.
			A)	True
			B)	False
18			The chemical buffer systems are called the body’s first line of defense against shifts in pH.
			A)	True
			B)	False
19			Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to metabolic acidosis.
			A)	True
			B)	False
20			The only way to take in water is to eat or drink it.
			A)	True
			B)	False

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