Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition (Shier)

Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System

Post-Test Questions

1
All of the following are true regarding a normal cardiac cycle except
A)the ventricles receive 70% of the blood from the atria passively during ventricular diastole
B)the aortic valve closes when left ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure
C)there is a point where the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are open at the same time
D)the atria and ventricles are both in diastole for a brief period of the cardiac cycle
2
The two major heart sounds are a result of
A)blood entering the atria in large volumes
B)closing of heart valves
C)contraction of the myocardium
D)changes in the blood flow rate through the chambers of the heart
3
A mass of merging cells that act as a unit, 2 of which are found in the heart, is called
A)smooth muscle
B)a functional syncytium
C)the sinoatrial node
D)the cardiac conduction system
4
The cells that initiate the stimulus for contraction of the heart muscle are located in the
A)sinoatrial node
B)atrioventricular node
C)Purkinje fibers
D)Bundle of His (AV Bundle)
5
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the conduction pathway of cardiac impulses?
A)SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, Bundle branches
B)AV node, Bundle branches, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
C)AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, Bundle branches, AV node, SA node
D)SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
6
The P wave on an ECG represents
A)atrial depolarization
B)atrial contraction
C)atrial repolarization
D)impulse transmission at the AV node
7
Ventricular repolarization is represented by the
A)PR interval
B)S wave
C)R wave
D)T wave
8
Concentrations of which of the following electrolytes have direct effects on the myocardium?
A)calcium and potassium
B)potassium and bicarbonate
C)calcium and chloride
D)sodium and chloride
9
The middle layer of arterial walls is composed of
A)endothelial tissue
B)myocardium
C)smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)fibrous connective tissue
10
The blood vessel that participates directly in the exchange of substances between body cells and the blood is the
A)arteriole
B)artery
C)capillary
D)venule
11
The amount of blood that flows into capillaries is regulated by
A)constriction and dilation of capillaries
B)arterioles
C)the amount of extracellular tissue
D)precapillary sphincters
12
Deposits of fatty materials on the inside of arterial walls are called
A)scars
B)plaques
C)stents
D)tumors
13
Plasma proteins help retain water in the blood by maintaining
A)osmotic pressure
B)hydrostatic pressure
C)a vacuum
D)filtration
14
The middle layer of the walls of veins differs from arteries in that
A)it contains less fibrous connective tissue
B)it contains less smooth muscle
C)it is thicker in veins
D)it contains some striated muscle
15
Systolic pressure is the
A)lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed
B)highest pressure in the arteries, which occurs during contraction of the heart
C)pressure that forces fluid out of the capillaries into the tissue
D)pressure generated in each atrium during contraction
16
Which of the following will cause blood pressure to increase?
A)a decrease in arteriole diameter
B)a decrease in stroke volume
C)increased parasympathetic activity
D)severe bleeding
17
The Frank-Starling law is related to which of the following cardiac structures?
A)interventricular septum
B)conduction system
C)muscle fibers
D)heart valves
18
The right and left ___________ veins merge to form the superior vena cava.
A)brachiocephalic
B)subclavian
C)internal carotid
D)external carotid
19
Which of the following vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?
A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)coronary sinus
D)inferior vena cava
20
Which vessel supplies blood to the liver, stomach and spleen?
A)inferior mesenteric artery
B)renal artery
C)superior mesenteric artery
D)celiac artery
21
Tissues depend on a functional circulatory system to supply nutrients and oxygen and to remove accumulated wastes.
A)True
B)False
22
The pericardial cavity contains fluid that reduces the friction produced by the motion of the heart as it contracts.
A)True
B)False
23
The ventricles are the upper chambers of the heart; the atria are the lower chambers.
A)True
B)False
24
When the papillary muscles contract, they pull the cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valves down into the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
25
The wall of the right ventricle is thicker than that of the left ventricle.
A)True
B)False
26
The skeleton of the heart is composed of dense connective tissue, which provides sites of attachment for heart valves and muscle fibers.
A)True
B)False
27
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by the coronary arteries, the first branches of the aorta.
A)True
B)False
28
Most of the blood from the atria enters the ventricles during atrial contraction.
A)True
B)False
29
The AV node is the pacemaker of the heart under normal conditions.
A)True
B)False
30
Atrial repolarization is not seen as a separate wave on the ECG.
A)True
B)False
31
Increasing temperature slows the heart rate.
A)True
B)False
32
The right and left brachiocephalic arteries supply blood to the head and upper limbs.
A)True
B)False
33
The superior mesenteric vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
A)True
B)False
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