1 The use or alteration of cells or biological molecules for specific applications describes _____.A) recombinant DNA B) transgenic organisms C) biotechnology D) gene targeting 2 For the same gene, it is possible to patent _____.A) genomic DNA B) protein-encoding exons C) a gene variant D) All of the above 3 Organisms that harbor DNA from other species are called _____.A) transversion B) transition C) transgenic D) transformant 4 The first patent for a transgenic organism was awarded in 1988. Which organism was patented?A) a yeast used in industrial processes B) a bacterium able to metabolize components of crude oil C) a mouse that manufactures human protein in its milk D) Life forms cannot be patented. 5 The polymerase for a PCR reaction comes from what organism?A) Homo sapiens B) Drosophila melanogaster C) Thermus aquaticus D) Staphylococcus aureus 6 The reaction that copies target DNA into RNA, then uses an RNA polymerase to amplify the RNA is called _____.A) nucleic acid amplification B) polymerase chain reaction C) RNA amplification D) transcription-mediated amplification 7 Palindromic sequences in DNA _____.A) always form "blunt" ends when cut by restriction enzymes B) are a type of symmetry in which nucleotides on complementary strands read the same in both directions C) are not useful in recombinant DNA experiments D) All of the above 8 A cDNA version of a gene includes _____.A) codons for a mature mRNA B) sequences corresponding to promoters C) sequences corresponding to introns D) both b and c 9 Which of the technologies listed below is a valuable method for mass-producing drugs and other useful proteins, such as insulin, growth hormone, and clotting factors?A) recombinant DNA technology B) transgenic technology C) polymerase chain reaction D) gene targeting 10 Manufacturing recombinant DNA molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of DNA to cells of another species. Which of the tools below is used to cut the gene from its normal location?A) restriction enzyme B) plasmid C) bacteriophage D) vector 11 ____ consist of recombinant cells containing different fragments of a foreign genome.A) DNA probes B) Homologous recombinants C) DNA libraries D) Knockout organisms 12 Manufacturing recombinant DNA molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of DNA to cells of another species. Which of the below describe the circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell?A) restriction enzyme B) plasmid C) bacteriophage D) chromosome 13 Which gene transfer technique involves a tiny needle which is used to inject DNA into a cell lacking that DNA sequence?A) electroporation B) liposome transfer C) microinjection D) particle bombardment 14 Genetic engineering manipulates gene products at the level of the _____.A) protein B) amino acid C) DNA D) RNA 15 ____ are used to select genes of interest from a genomic library.A) Restriction enzymes B) Cloning vectors C) DNA probes D) Gene targets 16 cDNA is made from _____.A) mRNA B) rRNA C) DNA D) plasmids 17 The first drug produced using recombinant DNA technology is used to treat _____.A) hemophilia B) dwarfism C) heart attack D) diabetes 18 In a _____ protocol, bacteria with engineered abilities to detoxify pollutants are intentionally released in an area.A) recombinant DNA B) bioremediation C) rhizosecretion D) transgenic 19 Which gene transfer technique involves the use of a fatty bubble to carry a gene into an animal cell?A) electroporation B) liposome transfer C) microinjection D) particle bombardment 20 The Ti plasmid is obtained from what species?A) Bacillus thuringiensis B) Escherichia coli C) Agrobacterium tumefaciens D) Thermus aquaticus 21 What is the natural function of restriction enzymes in bacteria?A) protection from viruses B) ligation of DNA sequences C) replication of DNA sequences D) transfer of DNA sequences from one cell to another 22 The first drug produced using recombinant DNA technology was _____.A) streptokinase B) tPA C) insulin D) penicillin 23 DNA microarrays are used for _____.A) introduction of foreign DNA into cells B) gene expression profiling C) amplification of DNA sequences outside of cells 24 The DNA microarray technology that indicates which genes are transcribed is called _____.A) DNA variation screening B) gene expression profiling C) polymerase chain reaction D) antisense 25 In a DNA microarray experiment, fluorescent tags are added to _____.A) cDNA molecules B) RNA molecules C) primers D) genomic libraries 26 True or False. The universality of the genetic code and of restriction enzyme cutting sites makes recombinant DNA technology possible.A) True B) False 27 Genes conferring ____ are used to select cells harboring plasmids containing recombinant DNA.A) antibiotic resistance B) color changes in growth media C) All of the above 28 The ____ technique can be used to mass-produce a DNA sequence by rapidly replicating it in a test tube.A) bioremediation B) transgenic C) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) D) microarray 29 The requirements of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) include:A) knowing parts of a target DNA sequence to be amplified. B) two primers, complementary to each end of the target sequence. C) a large supply of DNA nucleotides. D) a heat-stable DNA polymerase. E) All of the above 30 In the first step of the polymerase chain reaction, _____.A) heat is used to separate the two strands of the target DNA B) primers bind by complementary base pairing to the separated target strands C) TaqI DNA polymerase adds bases to the primers and builds a sequence complementary to the target sequence.