Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications (Lewis), 9th Edition

Chapter 18: Genetics of Cancer

Practice Tests

1
The term "cancer" means _____.
A)cell division
B)out of control
C)crablike
D)lobster
2
True or False. Cancer is a relatively recent disease brought on by environmental carcinogens.
A)True
B)False
3
If 85% of lung cancer cases occur in heavy smokers, can lung cancer still have a genetic origin?
A)Yes
B)No
4
Cancer is a genetic disease at the ____ level.
A)cellular
B)whole body
C)population
D)All of the above
5
Which of the following statements about telomerase is INCORRECT?
A)It is an enzyme that adds DNA to chromosome tips.
B)It serves as the template for telomeres lengthening.
C)It is not activated in cancer cells.
D)Its activity continually resets the cellular clock.
6
Familial cancer is caused by _____.
A)a mutation in somatic cells only
B)a mutation in germline cells only
C)a germline mutation plus a somatic mutation in affected tissue
D)two germline mutations
7
Susceptibility for inherited cancer occurs due to mutations in _____.
A)somatic cells only
B)germline cells only
C)nerve cells
D)both somatic and germline cells
8
In which of the human cells listed below is telomerase active?
A)skin
B)bone
C)muscle
D)sperm
9
True or False. A cancerous tumor eventually grows faster than surrounding tissues because a greater proportion of its cells are dividing.
A)True
B)False
10
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?
A)loss of cell cycle control
B)transplantability
C)loss of contact inhibition
D)All are characteristic of cancer cells.
11
Cancer stem cells are ____ specialized than stem cells, and ____ specialized than nearby differentiated cells.
A)more; more
B)more; less
C)less; less
D)less; more
12
Which of the following may contribute to causing cancer?
A)a mutation in a gene that slows the cell cycle
B)faulty DNA repair
C)loss of control over telomere length
D)All of the above
13
Cancer is often the result of activation of ____ to ____ and the inactivation of ____ genes.
A)oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes; proto-oncogenes
B)proto-oncogenes; oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes
C)oncogenes; proto-oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes
D)proto-suppressor genes; suppressors; oncogenes
14
More then half of human cancers involve a point mutation or deletion in the _____.
A)oncogene
B)proto-oncogene
C)p53 gene
D)BRCA-1 gene
15
Inherited retinoblastoma requires ____ mutation(s) or deletion(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
16
The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which type of cancer?
A)breast
B)thyroid
C)nerve
D)leukemia
17
BRCA-1 is associated with which cancer?
A)breast
B)thyroid
C)nerve
D)leukemia
18
Which type of cancer in humans is directly caused by a viral infection?
A)acute T cell leukemia
B)Wilms' tumor
C)Burkitt's lymphoma
D)retinoblastoma
19
An oncogene transcribed and translated with another gene produces a _____.
A)transcribed protein
B)fusion protein
C)fusion cell
D)cancer protein
20
The p53 protein normally promotes _____.
A)mutation
B)tumor formation
C)uncontrolled cell division
D)apoptosis
21
The p53 gene is especially prone to _____.
A)point mutation
B)chromosomal rearrangement
C)crossing over
D)None of the above
22
Which of the following cancers develops from loss of tumor suppression?
A)acute T cell leukemia
B)Wilms' tumor
C)Burkitt's lymphoma
D)hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
23
A mutation in which gene is often an early event in colon cancer?
A)APC
B)BRCA1
C)P53
D)RB
24
Why is genetic counseling for familial breast cancer difficult?
A)BRCA1 and BRCA2 are incompletely penetrant.
B)Breast cancer can occur in other ways.
C)Not all mutations are associated with disease.
D)All of the above
25
FAP is an example of a type of cancer that _____.
A)requires only one mutation to develop
B)requires several mutations to develop
C)3)is caused by unknown genes
D)is not found in humans
26
Polyps are associated with ____ cancer.
A)liver
B)kidney
C)stomach
D)colon
27
The number of mutations in tumor cells tends to ______ as the tumor ages.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)stay the same
28
Which type of study compares the incidence of a type of cancer among very different groups of people?
A)population
B)case-control
C)prospective
D)empiric
29
Which type of study would compare cancer rates seen in a group of individuals who take herbal supplements versus those in a control group who do not use the supplement?
A)population
B)case-control
C)prospective
D)empiric
30
Newer approaches to cancer treatments include _____.
A)blocking hormone receptors
B)stimulating cell specialization
C)blocking telomerase
D)inhibiting angiogenesis
E)All of the above
31
Cancer cells anchor themselves to tissue boundaries, called ____, where they secrete enzymes that cut paths through healthy tissue.
A)skin cells
B)lung cells
C)basement membranes
D)angiogenesis
32
Cancer cells have surface structures that enable them to squeeze into any space, a property called _____.
A)invasiveness
B)angiogenesis
C)dedifferentiation
D)benign
33
A ____ tumor is one that grows in place but does not spread into, or "invade" surrounding tissue.
A)metastasized
B)benign
C)malignant
D)invasive
34
A cancer is ____, meaning that if a cancer cell is injected into a healthy animal of the same species, it will proliferate there.
A)transplantable
B)an oncogene
C)a fusion protein
D)differentiated
35
____ refers to the formation of new blood vessels, which can be induced by cancer cells.
A)Heritable
B)Invasive
C)Angiogenesis
D)Apoptosis
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