Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 42: Plant Reproduction

Post-Test

1
When the wild-type (normal) EMF gene is mutated (thereby losing function), flowering occurs exceptionally early. What does this suggest about the effect of the EMF protein?
A)Flowering is a function of leaves converting into petals, and loss of the EMF gene causes petal formation.
B)The shoot apical meristem's natural inclination is to form vegetative structures, and is modified by the EMF protein to become a flower.
C)Phase change is reversible, depending on how much EMF protein is available.
D)Plants have juvenile and mature stages which are genetically controlled.
E)The "default" state of a shoot apical meristem is to form a flower, and the EMF gene creates a protein which inhibits this.
2
Dichogamous flowers
A)are believed to have evolved from stems.
B)offset the maturation of stamens and pistils to prevent selfing.
C)mature stamens and pistils at the same time.
D)only occur in biennial plants.
E)evolved first in the gymnosperms.
3
A callus is
A)formed from multi-nucleated collenchyma.
B)mature differentiated cells.
C)a protective covering on a developing embryo.
D)is the final stage of adult plant development.
E)an undifferentiated mass of cells.*
4
Why are many commercial biennial plants harvested in their first year, rather than waiting until the second when they've had even more time to "bulk up"?
A)In the second year, the storage tissues (such as a tap root or thickened leaves) are depleted in order to power flowering behaviors.
B)An additional year will result in lots of secondary growth, which makes the product woody and undesirable for consumers.
C)A large number of biennials can't over-winter, and so there would be too few plants left after mortality for the farm to be economically viable.
D)The plants are harvested in the first year before the first annual flowering cycle, which uses up a lot of their reserves. In the second annual flowering cycle, there's not much left in the plant, even after another year's vegetative growth.
E)Commercial farmers need to watch out for their profits and so cannot wait the additional year to get paid.
5
The requirement for a period of chilling of seeds or shoots for flowering is known as
A)vernalization.
B)morphogenesis.
C)apomixes.
D)cold setting.
E)temperature dependant setting.
6
A phase change involves which of the following alterations in plant development?
A)Development of floral organs.
B)Switch from a juvenile to an adult growth aspect.
C)Release of pollen.
D)Two of the above.
E)All of the above.
7
You are presented with a plant taken from an equatorial forest and one that was grown in northern Canada. What predictions might you make about the signals which would initiate flowering for each?
A)The equatorial plant would require sudden high temperatures to induce phase change for flowering, while the Canadian plant would require cold temperatures.
B)The equatorial plant would be day neutral while the Canadian plant would respond more strongly to changes in day length.
C)The equatorial plant would be a long-day plant, while the Canadian plant would be a short-day plant.
D)The equatorial plant would be a short-day plant, while the Canadian plant would be a long-day plant.
E)There is no way to predict what factors might influence flowering in the plants.
8
What trends have been observed in the evolution of flower form?
A)Floral parts tend to become more distinct and with larger numbers.
B)There's been a reduction in the number of floral parts, but they have gradually become more radial.
C)Bilateral symmetry, with an increase in floral parts is seen in advanced plants.
D)Fusion and grouping of floral parts, with an increase in the whorls is seen.
E)Floral parts have become reduced and sometimes fused together, with a trend toward bilateral symmetry.
9
Why might a flower be at a disadvantage if it produces more than a certain quantity of nectar required by its pollinators?
A)The high amount of sugar in the nectar could deplete the plant's entire reserves after making only a few flowers.
B)The nectaries could dry out, creating sticky traps that would bind up the pollinators, preventing them from visiting other flowers.
C)Birds tend to get bored by visiting the same flower over and over, and so limiting the amount of nectar keeps each flower interesting enough to ensure it's visited by the same birds time and time again.
D)Smaller pollinators might gorge themselves on a single flower and quit feeding after a visit to only a single flower, defeating the purpose of pollination, which is to disperse gametes to different flowers.
E)Nectar contains a lot of water, so producing large amounts would dehydrate the plant and also cause it to bend down because it's too heavy.
10
Each pollen grain contains the generative cell that later divides to produce
A)a sperm cell and two tube nuclei.
B)magspores.
C)the female gametophyte.
D)two sperm cells.
E)the egg cell.
11
The cells of which of these may give rise to new individual clones?
A)Runners
B)Rhizomes
C)Suckers
D)Adventitious plantlets
E)Runners, Rhizomes, Suckers, and Adventitious plantlets
12
Plants that can live for years are
A)Perennial.
B)Annual.
C)Biennial.
D)Dormant.
E)Tropical.
13
The temperature-dependent pathway is geared to the
A)photoperiod.
B)cold.
C)heat.
D)light.
E)dark.
14
Stripping away the cell wall produces a(n) _____, which can be induced to undergo mitosis.
A)Callus
B)Adventitious plantlet
C)Clone
D)Protoplast
E)megaspore
15
Which of these is NOT one of the four floral organs?
A)The sepal
B)The calyx
C)The corolla
D)The androecium
E)The gynoecium
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