Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 22: The Origin of Species

Post-Test

1
Why is the term isolating mechanism misleading?
A)Usually it does not involve anything mechanical.
B)Species are not, in fact, ever completely reproductively isolated.
C)It implies that these traits specifically evolved for the purpose of genetically isolating a species.
D)Research has discredited the concept.
E)In fact, the term is not misleading at all.
2
Where two species meet, you notice that there is hybridization between the two. The hybrids are less reproductively successful but are still maintained. The likely result is
A)the species will remain intact due to reinforcement.
B)that these are not separate species at all but are the same species.
C)that these are actually subspecies.
D)that these hybrids serve as a conduit of genetic exchange from one population to the other, and the two populations will tend to lose their genetic distinctiveness.
E)post-zygotic isolating mechanisms are at work keeping these species separate.
3
Adaptive radiation can result in:
A)a key innovation.
B)character displacement.
C)allopatric speciation.
D)sympatric speciation.
E)reinforcement.
4
Mass extinction is evidence for the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis of speciation.
A)True
B)False
5
What was particularly significant about the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago?
A)It was the largest mass extinction recorded.
B)It led to the adaptive radiation of the placental mammals.
C)It wiped out all marine life.
D)It affected all species equally.
E)All of the above.
6
What is the agent of the current (sixth) major extinction?
A)Ice age
B)Volcanism
C)Competition
D)Disease
E)Humans
7
Any concept or definition of a species must be able to account for:
A)the distinctiveness of species that occur together at a single locality.
B)the vast number of species that exist.
C)the fact that species go extinct.
D)the connection that exists among different populations belonging to the same species.
E)both 1 and 4
8
The biological species concept is based on the principle that the gene pools of different species remain distinct. This concept predicts that hybridization should never occur.
A)True
B)False
9
If two populations of a species have been isolated for a period of time, what will occur if they come into contact?
A)They will interbreed freely with each other.
B)They may not mate at all with each other.
C)They may mate with each other, but the offspring will less viable than either parent.
D)All of the above are possible.
E)None of these are likely.
10
Random changes may cause speciation by
A)reproductive isolation.
B)adaptation.
C)selection pressures.
D)reinforcement.
E)sympatry.
11
Adaptive radiation "is the existence of groups of closely related species that have recently evolved from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment." What is the main reason adaptive radiation occurs on volcanic island archipelagoes?
A)Speciation occurs allopatrically, and then the newly arisen species colonize other islands.
B)Adaptive radiation only occurs on islands.
C)Genetic drift will cause the populations to differentiate due to the small population sizes.
D)Volcanism forces major changes in the organisms.
E)None of the above.
12
It is commonly accepted that evolutionary change and speciation can either be gradual or happen in bursts followed by long periods of stasis.
A)True
B)False
13
What result(s) of human activity is/are most likely to affect the future evolution of other species?
A)Pollution
B)Habitat fragmentation and loss
C)Damming of rivers
D)Global warming
E)Genetic engineering
14
_____ prevent(s) normal development of organisms to reproductive adults
A)Sympatry
B)Allopatry
C)Prezyotic isolating mechanisms
D)Postzygotic isolating mechanisms
E)Genetic drift.
15
Adaption can lead to speciation
A)in response to different situations.
B)in response to different environments.
C)more quickly than genetic drift.
D)as demonstrated in the lab with Drosophila sp.
E)All of the above.
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