Glencoe Biology

Chapter 7: Cellular Structure and Function

Chapter Test Practice

1
Which of the following is not a fundamental idea of cell theory?
A)All organisms contain prokaryotic cells.
B)Cells arise only from previously existing cells.
C)Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living organisms.
D)All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2
A ____ contains polar and nonpolar ends, forming the plasma membrane.
A)microtubule
B)transport protein
C)cytoskeleton
D)phospholipid bilayer
3
A cell's genetic material is contained in the ____.
A)plasma membrane
B)nucleus
C)unicellular bacteria
D)phospholipid bilayer
4
In which cell structure are ribosomes produced?
A)microtubules
B)nucleolus
C)plasma membrane
D)golgi apparatus
5
The animal cells below were placed in a hypotonic solution. What happened to the damaged cell?

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A)Osmosis was prevented in the cell.
B)Osmosis caused the cell to shrivel.
C)Osmotic pressure caused the cell to rupture.
D)The cell was damaged by bacteria.
6
The semifluid environment inside the plasma membrane is called ____.
A)endoplastic reticulum
B)microtubules
C)cytoplasm
D)mitochondria
7
This shows an example of endoplasmic reticulum. What is the significance of its structure?

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A)provides a location for DNA production
B)helps decrease surface area
C)allows selective permeability of cell membrane
D)facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds
8
Vesicles that digest worn-out organelles or food particles are called ____.
A)lysosomes
B)centrioles
C)ribosomes
D)plasma membranes
9
What critical function does cholesterol serve in the body?
A)destroys the plasma membrane
B)binds fatty acid tails to water
C)disrupts homeostasis
D)increases fluidity of plasma membrane
10
What describes transport proteins moving molecules across the plasma membrane?
A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)dynamic equilibrium
D)facilitated diffusion
11
What did Robert Hooke use to study this organism?

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A)light microscope
B)electron microscope
C)cork chamber
D)DNA analysis
12
What does this depict?

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A)cytoskeleton
B)fluid mosaic model
C)impermeable membrane
D)genetic material
13
What effect has eukaryotic evolution had on cells?
A)more simplified structures
B)greater adaptability
C)eliminated organelles
D)decreased cell diversity
14
What is one significant disadvantage of scanning and transmission electron microscopes?
A)cells cannot absorb electrons
B)not as powerful as light microscopes
C)cells die when prepared for viewing
D)cannot observe plant cells
15
What is the function of a selectively permeable membrane?
A)provides alternative to phospholipid bilayer
B)prevents transport proteins from harming cell
C)controls what enters and leaves cell
D)blocks all water from entering cell
16
What moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane?
A)transport proteins
B)polar heads
C)DNA
D)water molecules
17
Which of the following is not a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A)modifies proteins
B)produces proteins
C)organizes where proteins are sent
D)packages proteins into vesicles
18
Which of the following is not true of exocytosis?
A)results in hormone secretion
B)does not require energy input
C)allows waste matter to be expelled
D)occurs at the plasma membrane
19
Which of these describes continuous particle movement with no overall change in concentration?
A)selective permeability
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)dynamic equilibrium
20
Why does misting fruits and vegetables with water help them look fresh?
A)Vacuoles fill with water due to osmosis.
B)Plant cells in a hypotonic solution lose water.
C)Plants do not have a rigid cell wall.
D)Water cannot move through the cell membrane.
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