Biology (Mader), 10th Edition

Chapter 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Learning Outcomes

After studying this chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following outcomes.

Evolution of the Nervous System

1. Give examples of landmarks in evolution of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems.
2. List the three major regions of the vertebrate brain and summarize their respective functions.
3. List the three main functions of the human nervous system.

4. Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia.
5. Describe the structure of a neuron.
6. List the three main types of neurons based on function.
7. Explain how an action potential is generated and propagated.
8. List the components of the synapse and explain how it works.
9. Describe synaptic integration.

10. List the components of the human central nervous system (CNS) and their functions.
11. Distinguish between the RAS (reticular activating system) and the limbic system.

12. List the components of the human peripheral nervous system (PNS) and their functions.
13. Differentiate between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the PNS.
14. Explain how a reflex arc works.
15. Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system.

16. Summarize how alcohol, nicotine, club and date rape drugs, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana affect the nervous system.