Biology (Mader), 10th Edition

Chapter 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Learning Outcomes

After studying this chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following outcomes.

Excretion and the Environment

1. Contrast the advantages of excreting ammonia, urea, and uric acid, and associate each with a particular environment.
2. Contrast the organs of excretion in planarians, earthworms, and arthropods.
3. Contrast the ways in which aquatic vertebrates maintain the water-salt balance.
4. Contrast the manner in which terrestrial vertebrates in extreme environments maintain the water-salt balance.

5. Trace the path of urine in humans and give a function for the organs mentioned.
6. Trace the path of filtrate in nephron and the path of blood about a nephron.
7. List and describe the three primary steps in urine formation.
8. Describe how the human kidney maintains the salt-water balance, and maintains the acid-based balance.