Glencoe Science Level Blue

Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change

Traits and How They Change

1
Several pine trees with the same genotype are planted in a forest. At the end of five years, one tree is taller than the rest. Why might this be?
A)It can produce different proteins.
B)It has different DNA.
C)It has different genes.
D)Its environment is different.
2
Which one of the following is a living factor in the environment that affects the species present?
A)predators
B)temperature
C)fire
D)floods
3
When the last individual of a species dies, __________ occurs.
A)natural selection
B)selective breeding
C)mutation
D)extinction
4
__________ is a change to DNA that forms new alleles.
A)Selective breeding
B)Evolution
C)A mutation
D)Natural selection
5
Some plant species in the forests of Yellowstone National Park have seeds that can germinate only after __________.
A)an earthquake
B)a full moon
C)a fire
D)a flood
6
According to the theory of natural selection, organisms that are better adapted to an environment __________ than organisms that are not.
A)survive and reproduce at a greater rate
B)run faster
C)grow larger
D)are stronger
7
How long have people been observing the inheritance of traits?
A)for thousands of years
B)since 1951
C)for the last 20 years
D)since the 1860s
8
The science that studies how traits are passed from parents to offspring is called __________.
A)genetics
B)environmental science
C)natural selection
D)ecology
9
__________ is the change in the genetics of a species over time.
A)Natural selection
B)Evolution
C)Heredity
D)Mutation
10
What is the name of a model that can be used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross?
A)a Mendel square
B)a Concept map
C)a Punnett square
D)an Allele triangle
11
Which one of the following could be described as one of your traits?
A)what type of movies you like
B)the color of your eyes
C)the color of your shirt
D)what state you live in
12
Why would you expect the results of Mendel's experiments with garden peas to be close to the expected outcomes?
A)He read many books.
B)He used a calculator.
C)He studied large numbers of plants.
D)He was careful.
13
When an organism has two different alleles for a trait, it is called __________.
A)a phenotype
B)a genotype
C)a hybrid
D)recessive
14
Which one of the following is affected by internal environmental influences?
A)development of human brain cells
B)the thickness of tree leaves
C)flower color in hydrangea plants
D)the shape of an apple
15
The many species of finches and tortoises Darwin observed on the Galapagos Islands are an example of __________.
A)phenotype variability
B)adaptive radiation
C)extinction
D)selective breeding
16
A parent has the following combination of alleles: D and d, E and e, and F and f. Which one of the following combinations might be found in the parent's sex cells?
A)E, e, and F
B)D, e, and F
C)E, F, and f
D)D, F, and f
17
Mendel's principle of __________ states that the alleles for one trait have no effect on the inheritance of alleles for a different trait.
A)segregation
B)independent assortment
C)dominance
D)recessive genes
18
What environmental factors change as you travel up a mountain's slopes?
A)Temperature increases and wind decreases.
B)Temperature and wind increase.
C)Temperature decreases and wind increases.
D)Temperature and wind decrease.
19
Some species of fish, including clown fish, are born with the ability to __________.
A)change sex
B)develop lungs
C)grow threadlike tails
D)change genotypes
20
If the allele for a small tail in fish is recessive to the allele for a large tail, what genotype must a fish with the small tail phenotype have?
A)two small tail alleles
B)one small tail allele
C)two large tail alleles
D)one large tail and one small tail allele
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