Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 28: Our Solar System

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
Comets are bodies that are __________ that orbit __________.
A)ice and rock, the Sun
B)helium gas, the Sun
C)icy, each planet
D)larger than Earth, Earth
2
The eccentricity of a perfect circle is __________ and a very elongated ellipse is __________.
A)zero, one
B)nearly zero, one
C)zero, nearly one
D)one, zero
3
The inner four planets of our solar system are called the __________ planets and the next four are called the __________ planets.
A)terrestrial, gas giant
B)rocky, gas-like
C)hard, soft
D)gas giant, terrestrial
4
The objects that eventually formed planets by colliding and merging are called __________.
A)stars
B)asteroids
C)planetesimals
D)solar nebula
5
Use the table to determine the largest terrestrial planet.
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A)Venus
B)Mars
C)Mercury
D)Earth
6
Use the table to determine the smallest gas giant planet.
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A)Neptune
B)Saturn
C)Jupiter
D)Uranus
7
What are Jupiter's moons composed of?
A)iron and ice
B)sulfuric acid
C)hydrogen and helium
D)rock and ice
8
What does the eccentricity of a planet describe?
A)how rare or common it is
B)the distance to another planet
C)the shape of its orbit
D)the speed of its rotation
9
What causes Uranus' blue appearance?
A)the vast oceans
B)surfuric acid in its atmosphere
C)the ammonia ice droplets
D)the methane in its atmosphere
10
What explains why the Sun governs the motion of all planets in our solar system?
A)the law of universal gravitation
B)Kepler's third law
C)retrograde motion of planets
D)telescopic observations of the planets
11
What is Olympus Mons?
A)a scarp on Mercury
B)a composite volcano on Venus
C)a large shield volcano on Mars
D)one of Mars' moons
12
Which describes the average distance between the Sun and Earth?
A)1 astronomical unit
B)1 mile
C)1 year
D)1 light year
13
What shape describes the orbits of the planets?
A)an ellipse
B)a line
C)a sphere
D)a circle
14
Why do astronomers think that liquid water once existed on Mars?
A)evidence of once living plants and animals
B)dried river and lake beds
C)minerals that precipitated from evaporating water
D)the red color of the planet's surface
15
Where are most asteroids located?
A)orbiting all planets
B)between Mars and Jupiter
C)outside of Pluto's orbit
D)between Earth and Venus
16
Which space objects are similar in composition to the Sun?
A)Mercury, Venus, Mars
B)Mercury, Io, Phoebe
C)Venus, Mars, Jupiter,
D)Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
17
Which group represents a collection of space objects with solid surfaces?
A)the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
B)the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Saturn
C)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
D)Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto
18
Why can't astronomers directly observe the surface of Venus without landing probes on the surface?
A)The surface is covered by thick clouds.
B)Venus has a high albedo.
C)Venus has a clockwise spin.
D)The surface is covered by thick ice sheets.
19
Why does Jupiter have a banded appearance?
A)due to it's four moons
B)its rings
C)the Great Red Spot causes the bands
D)flow patterns in its atmosphere
20
In which direction is the tail of this comet pointing?
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A)in the direction of the comet's orbit
B)opposite the orbit direction
C)toward the Sun
D)away from the Sun
21
The figure illustrates Kepler's second law. Which conclusion can you draw from analyzing the purple areas “swept out” by the planet each month?
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A)The Sun is the center of the universe.
B)The shape of a planet's orbit is an ellipse.
C)Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are farther away.
D)The speed of a planet's orbit steadily increases as it moves around the Sun.
22
Which requirement distinguishes a planet from a dwarf planet?
A)nearly spherical in shape
B)orbits the Sun
C)is not a satellite
D)has no debris within its orbit
23
Most comets in the solar system are positioned in the _____.
A)asteroid belt
B)Oort Cloud
C)Kuiper Belt
D)Outer zone
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