Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 23: The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras

Standardized Test Practice-English

1
Why is the beginning of the Cambrian called the Cambrian explosion?
A)because there were only active margins
B)because there were still a significant number of meteor impacts
C)because of the intense volcanic activity
D)because there was a significant increase in the diversity of life
2
A __________ occurs when sea level rises and the shoreline moves inland.
A)transgression
B)regression
C)orogenic event
D)passive margin
3
What type of water conditions are needed for coral reefs to exist?
A)warm, muddy, shallow water
B)warm, clear, shallow water
C)cold, clear, deep water
D)cold, muddy, deep water
4
When did plants start to colonize land?
A)Late Ordovician
B)Late Devonian
C)late Silurian
D)Early Cambrian
5
What type of economic deposit can be the indirect result of calcium carbonate reefs?
A)oil and gold
B)gypsum and halite
C)pyrite and gypsum
D)halite and fossils
6
During what orogeny event did Avalonia collide with Laurasia?
A)Caledonian
B)Laramide
C)Acadian
D)Taconic
7
What is an organic reef?
A)a large pile of fish bones primarily deposited during the Devonian
B)a mass extinction event
C)an assemblage of the Paleozoic fauna
D)a structure made of the calcium carbonate skeletons from once-living organisms
8
What kind of tectonic margins was Laurentia surrounded by during the Cambrian Period?
A)active
B)passive
C)transform
D)orogenic
9
Which fossil shown in the figure would be most likely found in shale deposits?
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A)Bolivia marginata multicostata
B)Valvulineri californica
C)Hanzawaia boueana
D)Bolivina granti
10
The end of the Permian is marked by a change to dry arid conditions. What type of deposits formed behind the Great Permian Reef?
A)conglomerates
B)cyclothems
C)evaporites
D)coal
11
What supercontinent is shown in the figure?
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A)Pangaea
B)Gondwana
C)Laurentia
D)Rodinia
12
What is one possible reason for the mass extinction during the late Devonian?
A)sea-level rise
B)global warming
C)tectonics
D)global cooling
13
According to the figure, fossils found on the east coast of South America would be similar to fossils found where?
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A)the east coast of Africa
B)Australia
C)the west coast of Africa
D)the west coast of South America
14
What type of organisms evolved during the Devonian?
A)trilobites
B)insects
C)reptiles
D)fish
15
What type of deposit is the Carboniferous Period known for?
A)conglomerate
B)coal
C)shale
D)copper
16
What characteristic of dinosaurs distinguishes them from other reptiles?
A)Most reptiles lived in the oceans during the Mesozoic.
B)the large range of sizes of dinosaurs
C)the upright posture of some dinosaurs
D)Dinosaurs were herbivores and carnivores.
17
Which new plant evolved during the Cretaceous and dominated the terrestrial landscape?
A)flowering plants
B)conifers
C)cycads
D)grasses
18
According to the tables, which is the oldest organism?
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A)Aeger
B)Crateraster
C)Cypridea
D)Pleurotomaria
19
The Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are the result of __________.
A)extensional forces that caused the Basin and Range Province
B)two contintental plates that collided
C)a continental plate that moved over the East Pacific Rise
D)an oceanic plate that was subducted under a continental plate
20
What type of flowering plant appeared during the Eocene?
A)cycads
B)conifers
C)grasses
D)angiosperms
21
What type of mammal is defined by the development of specialized traits including a grasping hand, stereoscopic vision, and a large brain?
A)horses
B)primates
C)hominids
D)giant ground sloths
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