Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 9: Surface Water

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
__________ is the measure of the volume of stream water that flows over a certain location over a given amount of time.
A)discharge
B)runoff
C)velocity
D)bed load
2
Look at the data in the graph, showing how the water quality has changed in Lake Smith over forty years. What is the most likely explanation for this trend?
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A)Higher phosphate and nitrogen levels suggest it was damaged by fertilizers.
B)The falling population of largemouth bass indicate that too much fishing has occurred on this lake.
C)Lower oxygen levels indicate that too many fish were living in the lake.
D)The dropping pH levels indicate that acid rain has been plaguing the region.
3
Look at the figure showing a map of the Souris River valley. How would you describe the shape of the valley?
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A)broad
B)narrow
C)steep
D)v-shaped
4
Which is not a benefit of wetland conservation?
A)They can filter pollutants from groundwater.
B)They can provide habitat for wildlife.
C)They can be filled in to provide land for housing development.
D)They grow plants that ultimately become coal.
5
Many lakes in agricultural regions are eutrophic due to __________.
A)reduced amounts of animal waste
B)excessive sunlight
C)minimal algae growth
D)excessive nutrients
6
The graph shows the discharge of a river flowing through two cities. A discharge of 3.5 thousand cubic meters per second or more will cause the river to flood. Which city saw more flooding in March 1999?
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A)Frankston
B)They both saw the same amount.
C)Wet Gulch
D)neither one flooded
7
The graph shows the discharge of a river flowing through two cities. Which city experiences a greater carrying capacity in its portion of the river?
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A)The carrying capacity of this river is 0.
B)They both have the same carrying capacities.
C)Wet Gulch
D)Frankston
8
The renewed downcutting of a streambed is called __________.
A)erosion
B)rejuvenation
C)deposition
D)eutrophication
9
Water moves at the maximum velocity in the __________ of a straight stream and the __________ of a meander.
A)center, outside
B)side, outside
C)center, inside
D)bottom, bottom
10
What are large particles that are rolled or pushed on the bed of the stream called?
A)bed load
B)discharge
C)runoff
D)suspended load
11
What do USGS gauging stations directly measure?
A)discharge of a stream
B)amount of dissolved material
C)water levels of streams
D)quality of watersheds
12
What is the name for the land area that separates two watersheds?
A)an island
B)a divide
C)a peninsula
D)a stream bank
13
What is the relative speed of the stream shown in the figure?
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A)slow
B)standstill
C)fast
D)very fast
14
What process adds oxygen to a lake?
A)breathing of animals
B)photosynthesis by plants
C)decay of plants
D)decay of animals
15
Which combination of characteristics allows the greatest amount of water to infiltrate into the ground?
A)low slopes, clay-rich soils, and hot temperatures
B)little slopes, sandy soils, and cool temperatures
C)steep slopes, sandy soil, and hot temperatures
D)steep slopes, silty soils, and cool temperatures
16
Where does water accumulate to supply a stream?
A)headwaters
B)stream channel
C)mouth
D)delta
17
Which is the major driving force behind the cycling of water through Earth's system?
A)evaporation
B)precipitation
C)solar radiation
D)photosynthesis
18
Which factor does not influence whether water will become runoff?
A)the amount of pore spaces in the soil
B)the type and length of a rain storm
C)the position along the watershed
D)the variation in the types of vegetation
19
A new stream is forming at an elevation high above its base level. Which of the following is true about the stream?
A)The stream gradient is very shallow.
B)A V-shaped valley starts to form close to the source of the stream.
C)The speed of the water is constant along the stream gradient.
D)The force of gravity on the water is very low.
20
Look at the data in the graph, showing how the water quality has changed in Lake Smith over forty years. Which of the following actions could help increase the population of largemouth bass in the lake?
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A)Increase fishing of other species in the lake.
B)Encourage local farmers to decrease use of fertilizers.
C)Oxygenate the lake.
D)Cover the lake surface with tarps.
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