Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 8: Marine Fishes

Chapter Quiz

1
Which vertebrate feature is not found in Cephalochordates like lancets?
A)Skull
B)Gill or pharyngeal slits
C)Dorsal nerve cord
D)Tail
2
Both lampreys and hagfishes lack jaws and feed by suction with a muscular mouth and teeth.
A)True
B)False
3
Unlike cartilaginous or bony fishes, jawless fishes do not have:
A)Gills.
B)Fins.
C)Scales.
D)Vertebra.
4
Most cartilaginous fishes have rough sandpaper-like skin due to presence of:
A)Spines
B)Placoid scales
C)Cycloid scales
D)Dermal radula
5
The largest sharks such as the whale shark and rays like the manta ray feed on which of these?
A)Fish
B)Seals
C)Mollusks
D)Plankton
6
Which is NOT recommended as a way to decrease one's risk of shark attack?
A)Stay away from sea lion colonies.
B)Don't go swimming at night.
C)If you see a shark, splash at it vigorously and act aggressive.
D)Don't touch a shark or grab its tail.
7
Sharks often have a large upper lobe on their tails primarily to act as a rudder for steering.
A)True
B)False
8
Electric rays generate electrical impulses in order to:
A)Locate using the return of the pulses
B)Attract plankton.
C)As a courting display for mating.
D)To shock the fish they eat.
9
Skates differ from rays in which of these ways?
A)They have elaborate courtship displays.
B)They give birth to live young.
C)They have whip-like tails and stinging spines.
D)They lay egg cases.
10
The body of a bony fish often is covered by which of these?
A)Placoid scales
B)Spines
C)Ctenoid scales
D)Fin rays
11
Flatfishes have bodies are laterally compressed as an adaptation for their demersal lifestyles.
A)True
B)False
12
Bony fishes have evolved a much greater diversity of fin shapes than in the cartilaginous fishes.
A)True
B)False
13
In which of these fish species do the eyes migrate to one side of its head as the fish matures?
A)Tuna
B)Trunkfish
C)Manta ray
D)Lionfish
E)Flounder
14
Bony, but not cartilaginous, fishes have which of these features?
A)Countershading
B)A swimbladder
C)Gill openings
D)Dorsal and lateral fins
15
Cartilaginous fishes, unlike bony fishes, can carry on osmoregulation by which means?
A)Accumulation of high amounts of urea to equalize total solutes to that of seawater
B)Swallowing seawater
C)Excreting salts by means of chloride cells
D)Retaining salts in their gills
16
Structural colors in fishes result from crystals that act like tiny mirrors.
A)True
B)False
17
A lionfish has venomous spines. What kind of coloration might it have?
A)Cryptic-coloration--blending in with rocks and coral
B)Warning-coloration--bold stripes on its body and fins
C)All red
D)Countershaded--dark above, light below
18
Most eel-shaped fishes live:
A)On open sandy sea floors.
B)In narrow spaces among rocks.
C)Among sponges.
D)near the surface of the open sea.
19
Territoriality behavior in fishes is most common in fish that live:
A)In the deep ocean trenches.
B)In reefs and other restricted areas.
C)The surface of the open-ocean.
D)On the open abyssal plain areas.
20
Schooling behavior in fishes may be coordinated by:
A)vision
B)the lateral line
C)olfaction
D)sound
E)All of these
21
It is hypothesized that schooling behavior in fishes serves which of these functions?
A)Provides hydrodynamic efficiency for swimming
B)Allows colonies to form with specialized individuals, as in social insects
C)Assists in regulating body heat
D)Creates shadows that look like giant fish
22
The rhythmic contractions for swimming are produced by bands of muscles called:
A)lateral lines
B)notochords
C)gill rakers
D)myomeres
23
The migratory behavior of the Atlantic Anguilla eels is essentially the opposite of that of the Pacific salmon.
A)True
B)False
24
It can be difficult to identify larval fishes to species because
A)They drift far from land.
B)Most larvae remain in an egg case.
C)Development takes a long time.
D)The larvae may not resemble the adult form at all.
25
Eggs are retained in a nest by which of these fish species?
A)Sting rays.
B)Sea horses.
C)Damselfishes.
D)Herring.
26
The shark and ray species which have embryos that actually absorb nutrients from the females reproductive system in a similar fashion to mammals are called:
A)Oviparous
B)Ovoviviparous
C)Viviparous
D)Hermaphroditic
27
Special organs called claspers are used for internal fertilization in cartilaginous fishes.
A)True
B)False
28
Dams, excess silt, and pollution are destroying the runs in rivers because they reduce the number of adults that return to the oceans after spawning. This is having the most devastating effects upon which of these species?
A)Skipjack tuna
B)Pacific salmon
C)Herring
D)Butterflyfish
29
Hermaphrodism in some fishes involves males changing into females or vice versa.
A)True
B)False
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