Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Biology

Chapter Quiz

1
An example of a structural carbohydrate is
A)ATP.
B)RNA.
C)Chitin.
D)Glucose.
2
Which of the following elements do proteins and nucleic acids contain that carbohydrates and lipids do not?
A)Carbon
B)Hydrogen
C)Oxygen
D)Nitrogen
3
An important function of lipids for marine birds is which?
A)Carrying oxygen in the blood
B)Structural support
C)Keeping feathers dry
D)Speeding up metabolic processes.
4
The genetic or inherited information of an organism is contained in its molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
A)True
B)False
5
The direct biochemical function of genes is to:
A)Code for a trait, such as blue eyes.
B)Allow natural selection to proceed.
C)Specify the order of amino acids in one protein.
D)Make ATP efficiently.
6
Which of the following describes the process of photosynthesis,
A)Carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose.
B)Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
C)Energy stored in organic matter is transferred to ATP.
D)Carbon is converted to an inorganic form.
7
All marine photosynthetic autotrophs/algaes are green because chlorophyll is this color.
A)True
B)False
8
All autotrophs have no need of respiration since they obtain their energy from nonliving sources.
A)True
B)False
9
Primary production is the net gain in organic matter remaining after autotrophs have been consumed by heterotrophs.
A)True
B)False
10
As on land, which of the following is the most important nutrient in the ocean for plants?
A)Nitrate.
B)Calcium.
C)Silicate.
D)Iron.
11
Nitrogen (such as NO3-) and phosphorus (PO4-3) compounds are usually the most important nutrients for primary production in the oceans.
A)True
B)False
12
Prokaryotes have nuclei but no mitochondria or chloroplasts.
A)True
B)False
13
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles in eukaryotes that have properties of prokaryotes, suggesting an ancient symbiotic origin.
A)True
B)False
14
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have which of these?
A)Flagella
B)A nucleus
C)Mitochondria
D)A cell wall
15
Which of these factors has the greatest effect on diffusion rates which results in a net movement of a substance from an area of high to an area of low concentration?
A)molecular size
B)magnetic polarity
C)isotopic content
D)heat capacity
16
Small marine organisms can rely only on diffusion for exchange of materials with the environment because of their low surface/volume ration.
A)True
B)False
17
A biologist suspects that a polychaete worm uses active transport to remove a pollutant from its tissues. Evidence for this idea would be which of the following?
A)An increased concentration of the pollutant at the exits of its excretory organs as opposed to inside its tissues
B)Presence of excretory organs
C)A greater concentration of the pollutant in the sediment outside the worm than inside of it
D)Survival of the worm in polluted mud
18
A fish with an internal salinity of 14 parts per thousand tends to gain water from the marine environment by osmosis.
A)True
B)False
19
Which of these occurs in sexual, but not asexual, reproduction
A)Buds can break off.
B)Meiosis occurs.
C)Cell division occurs
D)All offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
20
A sea anemone reproduces by fission. This form of asexual reproduction produces gentic:
A)Daughter cells.
B)Gametes.
C)Haploid cells.
D)Clones.
21
Sexual reproduction usually requires a halving in the number of chromosomes by a process called.
A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis
C)Photosynthesis
D)Cellular respiration
22
Sperm and eggs generally have a haploid number of chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
23
Two species are considered to be reproductively isolated from each other if they
A)Look different from each other.
B)Inhabit separate areas.
C)Are unable to interbreed.
D)are very different in size.
24
The actual biological mechanism that causes evolution in a given species is:
A)Genetic changes in populations.
B)The number of offspring generated by a given organism.
C)The origin of life.
D)The establishment of new species.
25
Natural selection occurs when there are inheritable differences among members of a population that lead some members to reproduce more successfully than others and have more of their offspring survive.
A)True
B)False
26
Which is the correct arrangement of biological classification taxa?
A)Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order
B)Kingdom-Class-Phylum-Order
C)Class-Phylum-Order-Family
D)Phylum-Order-Family-Class
27
The members of a given biological taxa are thought to share a common ancestor.
A)True
B)False
28
Which of these are not included in the Kingdom Protista?
A)Algae
B)Unicellular organisms
C)Fungi
D)Eukaryotic organisms
29
Why are the Archaea are now considered to be separate from Bacteria?
A)There are great differences in their RNA.
B)They have more than one cell.
C)They have mitochondria.
D)They have no metabolism.
30
Organisms are identified by the biological nomenclature or scientific name which consists of the following:
A)Phyla and Class
B)Family and Genus
C)Genus and Species
D)Phylogenic relationships
31
Many marine organisms release millions of eggs and sperm into the water where fertilization occurs. This reproductive strategy is called:
A)Asexual reproduction
B)Placental reproduction
C)Hermaphroditic morphology
D)Broadcast spawning
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