Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 14: Coral Reefs

Chapter Quiz

1
Coral polyps in a single coral colony typically form when many larvae are attracted to settle in the same location.
A)True
B)False
2
Which of these do not have zooxanthellae?
A)Black corals
B)Gorgonians
C)Soft corals
D)Fire corals
3
In the polyps of a colony, which parts are not shared among the polyps?
A)Skeleton
B)Digestive system
C)Nervous system
D)Tentacles
4
The major chemical component of reef-building coral skeletons is:
A)Cellulose
B)Chitin
C)Iron-sulfide
D)Calcium carbonate
5
If a coral has no tentacles, it must rely on
A)Its zooxanthellae only.
B)Mucus to catch zooplankton.
C)Uses its mouth to engulf prey.
D)Cannot survive long.
6
Generally, it is thought that coral cnidarians cannot form massive reefs without their zooxanthellae symbionts.
A)True
B)False
7
The ridge at the outer edge of a Pacific reef is made up of
A)Branched algae.
B)Fire corals.
C)Encrusting coralline algae.
D)low-growing corals.
8
Besides coral rubble the other most common components of sediment by a reef are:
A)Shells of clams.
B)Dead forams.
C)Sponge spicules.
D)Remnants of Halimeda.
9
When seawater is too warm, corals may undergo __________. This is thought to be a side-effect of global warming on the oceans.
A)Fragmentation.
B)Bleaching.
C)Extrusion of mesenterial filaments.
D)Mucus production.
10
In a fringing reef, the reef slope and crest have less growth than does the reef flat because the flat is more protected.
A)True
B)False
11
A biologist is alarmed to see that a coral reef is being overgrown by algae. Grazing fishes are abundant in the area. What may be causing the overgrowth?
A)Sedimentation from dredging
B)Decreased salinity
C)Sewage pollution
D)Overfishing
12
Which of these does not occur directly up against the coast of a continent but is an open-ocean formation?
A)Fringing reef
B)Barrier Reef
C)Atoll
D)A deep-water reef
13
Charles Darwin developed the most widely accepted explanation for atoll reef formation in the mid-1800s.
A)True
B)False
14
The fore-reef of an atoll
A)is shallow.
B)Has a poorly-developed algal ridge.
C)Is nearly vertical.
D)Is inhabited by corals all the way to the bottom.
15
Cyanobacteria are thought to be the most important producers on a coral reef.
A)True
B)False
16
In some cases, soft corals can constitute up to half of the living tissue on a coral reef.
A)True
B)False
17
The zooxanthellae of corals may pick up nutrients from
A)Fishes.
B)Phytoplankton.
C)Surface waters.
D)Benthic algae.
18
The most aggressive corals are
A)fast-growing.
B)Branching.
C)Massive.
D)bad-tasting.
19
The lottery hypothesis proposes that whichever species of fish dominates a patch of reef is largely a matter of luck.
A)True
B)False
20
The hypothesis that holds that the nature of reef fish communities is determined by the availability of the species larval to settle there is the ________________ hypothesis.
A)Pre-settlement
B)Post-settlement
C)Competitive exclusion.
D)Ecological niche
21
In areas of reefs where there are lots of sea urchins (Diadema),
A)Coralline algae are rare.
B)Triton snails have been over-collected.
C)There are dense masts of filamentous algae.
D)Seaweed populations tend to remain stable.
22
Algae normally do not overgrow coral cnidarians on a reef because low nutrient levels and herbivory keep the algae in check.
A)True
B)False
23
Common animal symbionts of corals are
A)Cyanobacteria.
B)Photosynthetic bacteria.
C)Crustaceans.
D)Parrotfishes.
24
Parrotfishes, sea urchins, and small invertebrates such as polychaetes are all important reef herbivores.
A)True
B)False
25
Eating which of these can cause ciguatera poisoning?
A)Lobsters.
B)Barracuda.
C)Sardines.
D)Shrimp cocktail.
26
Hermatypic refers to these reef animals:
A)Corals that build reef formations by producing calcium carbonate skeletons.
B)Corals with largely proteinaceous skeletons.
C)Corals without zooxanthellae.
D)Corals in deep water.
27
The following is an important feature of encrusting coralline algae on a tropical reef:
A)They grow on sediment and cement it in place, helping reef formation.
B)They are less wave-resistant than are stony corals.
C)They form calcium carbonate but contribute only a few percent to reef growth.
D)They grow best in deep water by using accessory pigments for photosynthesis.
28
The following are conditions optimal for most coral reef growth:
A)Clear, shallow water, usually above 20 degrees C, and the hotter the better.
B)Clear, high nutrient water above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees C.
C)Clear, deep water with low light levels above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees C.
D)Clear, shallow water usually above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees
29
Deep-water coral mounds consist of mostly:
A)Coral fragments.
B)Mud.
C)Coralline algae.
D)High concentrations of grazing fish.
30
The reefs of Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii were severely affected by all of these except
A)Sewage leading to eutrophication.
B)Overgrowth by algae.
C)Hurricane damage to pollution-damaged reef skeletons.
D)Changes in water temperature.
31
Corals compete for space on a reef by all of these means except:
A)Growing upward rapidly then outward, shading out competitors.
B)Killing their rivals with mesenterial filaments that digest tissue.
C)Killing their rivals with specialized nematocyst-laden tentacles.
D)Storing distasteful compounds in their tissues.
32
A no-take reserve will be an effective way to rebuild fish stocks for fishing near the reserve if
A)Fish stay in the reserve.
B)Fish move in and out of the reserve all the time.
C)The location of the reserve is set by public opinion.
D)Juvenile fishes move out of the reserve.
33
Which of these is the best place to go to dive and explore an atoll?
A)The Caribbean
B)The Mediterranean
C)The Arctic-North Atlantic
D)The Indo-Pacific
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