1 A fertilized ovum is called a(n)A) blastocyst B) oocyte C) egg D) zygote 2 The head of a sperm contains digestive enzymes in theA) flagellum. B) acrosome. C) middle piece. D) corona radiata. 3 The nonliving extracellular material around the ovum is theA) corona radiata. B) plasma membrane. C) zona pellucida. D) acrosome. 4 Fertilization occurs in theA) uterus. B) uterine tube (oviduct). C) vagina. D) abdominal cavity. 5 Place the following structures: corona radiata, ovum and zona pellucida in order of innermost to outer most.A) corona radiata – ovum – zona pellucida B) ovum – corona radiata – zona pellucida C) ovum – zona pellucida – corona radiate D) zona pellucida – ovum – corona radiata 6 The extracellular envelope surrounding an ovum that only lets one sperm penetrate the ovum is called theA) corona radiata B) endometrium C) trophoblast D) zona pellucida 7 Explain what prevents polyspermy.A) All the other sperm die. B) The ovum's plasma membrane depolarizes. C) The zona pellucida lifts away from the ovum's plasma membrane. D) Both B and C. 8 Place the events of fertilization in chronological order. Acrozomal enzymes digest zona pelucida. Fertilization membrane formed to prevent polyspermy. Multiple sperm penetrate the corona radiata Pronuclei of sperm and ovum fuse together. Sperm enters the ovum. Sperm fuses to cell membrane of ovum.A) 1 – 3 – 2 – 6 – 5 - 4 B) 3 – 1 – 6 – 5 – 2 – 4 C) 3 - 1 – 6 - 5 – 4 – 2 D) 6 – 3 – 1 – 5 - 4 - 2 9 Mitotic division of the zygote with no increase in cell size is calledA) cleavage. B) cytokinesis. C) differentiation. D) morphogenesis. 10 Cell division with accompanied cell enlargement is calledA) cleavage. B) growth. C) morphogenesis. D) differentiation. 11 Groups of cells take on specifics structures and function during:A) cleavage. B) growth. C) morphogenesis. D) differentiation. 12 An inner cell mass surrounded by a single layer of cells called the trophoblast describes the:A) blastocyst B) clevage C) embryo D) morula 13 Cell movement in the embryo that causes it to take a shape is calledA) cleavage. B) growth. C) morphogenesis. D) differentiation. 14 Identify the extraembryonic membrane that encloses the fluid environment in which the embryo and fetus develop.A) allantois B) amnion C) chorion D) yolk sac 15 Identify the extraembryonic membrane that becomes a part of the placenta.A) allantois B) amnion C) chorion D) yolk sac 16 Identify the extraembryonic membrane that is the first site for the production of red blood cells.A) allantois B) amnion C) chorion D) yolk sac 17 The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will become theA) chorion. B) embryo. C) placenta 18 Gestation is the period of time of development from:A) fertilization to the first week B) fertilization to birth C) the second week through the second month D) third month through the ninth month 19 Embryonic development occurs during the _________ of pregnancy.A) first week B) second through eighth weeks C) third through ninth weeks D) third through ninth months 20 Place the stages of pre-embryonic development in chronological order.A) Blastocyst, zygote, morula, cleavage B) Cleavage, blastocyst, morula, zygote C) Zygote, cleavage, blastocyst, morula D) Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst 21 What does hCG produced by the trophoblast during implantation do?A) digests the endometrium of the uterus. B) starts morphogenesis of the embryo C) maintains the corpus luteum D) produces the amnionic fluid 22 Implantation normally occurs around the _______ following fertilization?A) first day B) second day C) seventh day D) fourteenth day 23 What attaches to the uterus during implantation?A) fetus B) embryo C) morula D) zygote 24 Which hormone continues to be produced during pregnancy, thus not allowing menstruation to occur.A) progesterone B) FSH C) oxytocin D) testosterone 25 Identify the three primary germ layers.A) Ectoderm, epiderm and endoderm B) Endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm C) Epiderm, mesoderm and ectoderm D) Epiderm, endoderm and mesoderm 26 Gastrulation is the process where formation of the ______ occurs.A) fetus B) placenta C) primary germ layers D) umbilical cord 27 Identify the hormone that detected in a pregnancy test.A) estrogen B) gastrin C) human chorionic gonadotropin D) oxytocin 28 Which of the following structures does NOT come from ectoderm?A) nervous system B) epidermis of the skin C) lining of the digestive tract D) linings of the mouth and rectum 29 Which of the following structures does NOT come from mesoderm?A) liver B) bones C) cardiovascular system D) muscles 30 The skeleton, muscular system, dermis of the skin, and urinary and reproductive systems arise from which primary germ layer?A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm D) epiderm 31 What is the first organ system to appear in the embryo?A) cardiovascular B) nervous C) integumentary D) digestive 32 Limb buds appear during the ____ week of embryonic development.A) 3rd B) 5th C) 6th D) 8th 33 A cartilagenous skeleton is formed during the ___ week of embryonic development.A) 4th B) 5th C) 6th D) 7th 34 The placenta is formed and functioning by the ___ week of embryonic development.A) 5th B) 6th C) 7th D) 8th 35 What produces HCG?A) ovary B) fetus (after third month) C) placenta D) uterus 36 The fetal period of development occurs during the ___ of pregnancy.A) 1st week B) 2nd through 8th weeks C) 3rd through 9th weeks D) 3rd through 9th months 37 Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?A) provides nutrients for the fetus B) removes wastes for the fetus C) produces estrogen and progesterone D) exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide E) All of the above are functions of the placenta 38 The umbilical cord consists of ______ umbilical artery(ies) and ______ umbilical vein(s).A) 1; 1 B) 1: 2 C) 2: 1 D) 2; 2 39 Identify the tissue(s) that form the placenta.A) Fetal tissue B) Maternal tissue C) Both fetal and maternal tissue 40 The downy hair of the fetus is calledA) lanugo. B) vernix caseosa. C) vellus hair. D) terminal hair. 41 Identify the white, greasy substance that protects the delicate fetal skin from the amniotic fluid.A) lanugo. B) vernix caseosa. C) fontanels D) terminal hair. 42 The membraneous areas of the skull that exist at birth are called:A) lanugo. B) vernix caseosa. C) fontanels D) terminal hairs 43 What chromosome pair denotes a male child?A) XX B) XY 44 What hormone causes labor to begin?A) hCG B) testosterone C) oxytocin D) FSH 45 Undifferentiated gonads develop into testes due to the _______ and undifferentiated gonads develop into ovaries due to the ________.A) absence of estrogen; presences of estrogen B) absence of progesterone; presence of progesterone C) presence of testosterone; absences of testosterone D) presence of testosterone; presence of estrogen 46 Wolffian ducts develop into the ______ reproductive tract due to the _______.A) female: absence of testosterone B) female: presence of estrogen C) male: absence of estrogen D) male: presence of testosterone 47 Mullerian ducts develop into the ______ reproductive tract due to the _______.A) female: absence of testosterone B) female: presence of estrogen C) male: absence of estrogen D) male: presence of testosterone 48 Which of the following does NOT occur during stage 1 of parturition?A) effacement B) water breaks C) baby's head descends into the vagina D) complete dilation of the cervix 49 Which of the following is NOT an effect of pregnancy on the mother?A) 40% increase in vital capacity and tidal volume B) blood volume decreases C) heartburn D) increased weight 50 Identify an effect of progesterone during pregnancy.A) Decreases uterine contractions B) Increases insulin resistance C) Increases production of red blood cells D) Increases cardiac output