Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 50: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Post-Test

1
Which of the following animals have loops of Henle?
A)insects
B)fish
C)birds
D)All selections are correct.
E)None of the selections are correct.
2
Select the correct statement concerning aquatic organisms that are hypoosmotic relative to their surrounding water.
A)They do not drink the water in their surroundings.
B)They drink the water in their surroundings.
C)They move monovalent ions into their bodies through active transport across their epithelial outer tissue.
D)They move monovalent ions out of their bodies through active transport across their epithelial outer tissue.
3
Which of the following is an osmoconformer?
A)a reptile
B)a human
C)a freshwater fish
D)a bird
E)a hagfish
4
The osmoregulatory organs of insects are called
A)flame cells
B)contractile vacuoles
C)nephrostomes
D)collecting ducts
E)Malpighian tubules
5
How do marine reptiles and marine birds eliminate excess salt?
A)salt glands in their heads
B)their kidneys
C)their general body surface
D)their flippers and feet
E)None of the selections are correct; marine reptiles and marine birds don't eliminate excess salt.
6
What is the major cation in the extracellular fluid of vertebrates?
A)Cl-
B)K+
C)Na+
D)Mg++
E)Ca++
7
Urine concentration in mammals and birds depends on the length of what part of the kidney?
A)ureters
B)proximal convoluted tubules
C)distal convoluted tubules
D)loops of Henle
E)glomeruli
8
How many nephrons does a typical human have?
A)450
B)billions
C)about 200
D)thousands
E)a million
9
Which part of the nephron is least permeable to water?
A)ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B)descending limb of the loop of Henle
C)collecting duct
D)proximal convoluted tubule
E)distal convoluted tubule.
10
Which of the following would be least likely to be found in the filtrate in the nephrons?
A)plasma proteins
B)glucose and amino acids
C)water
D)urea
E)All of these are likely to be found in the filtrate.
11
The greatest amount of filtrate gets reabsorbed from what part of the nephron?
A)the loop of Henle
B)the distal convoluted tubule
C)the proximal convoluted tubule
D)the glomerulus
E)the collecting duct
12
What do bony fish excrete?
A)urea
B)ammonia
C)uric acid
D)hemolymph
E)None of the selections are correct.
13
Where is urea synthesized in mammals?
A)loop of Henle
B)glomerulus
C)collecting duct
D)liver
E)urinary bladder
14
Filtrate moves into the proximal convoluted tubule from what area of the mammalian kidney?
A)collecting duct
B)Bowman's capsule
C)distal convoluted tubule
D)glomerulus
E)loop of Henle
15
Where in the mammalian kidney is the osmolarity highest?
A)at the top of the renal cortex
B)at the bottom of the renal cortex
C)at the top of the renal medulla
D)at the bottom of the renal medulla
E)constant concentration throughout the kidney
16
What happens when the blood concentration of sodium ions falls?
A)blood volume increases and blood pressure decreases
B)water drains from the collecting duct
C)blood volume and blood pressure decrease
D)ADH secretion increases
17
What happens when blood flow is reduced?
A)renin is released and blood vessels constrict
B)renin is released and blood vessels dilate
C)renin is released and aldosterone secretion ceases
D)both renin and aldosterone secretion ceases
18
What hormone opposes the action of aldosterone in promoting salt and water retention?
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)renin
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)angiotension
19
How does atherosclerosis affect blood pressure?
A)It constricts blood vessels thereby increasing blood pressure.
B)It restricts blood flow to the kidney which, in turn, has a homeostatic response to increase blood pressure.
C)It restricts blood flow. This is sensed by the heart which, in turn, pumps harder.
D)It restricts blood flow thereby decreasing blood pressure.
20
A one molar, water solution of NaCl and a one molar, water solution of sucrose are separated by a membrane permeable to both substances. Which way will the water flow?
A)toward the sucrose
B)no water flow
C)toward the NaCl
D)sucrose will flow; water won't
21
True or false: The ability of a solution to change the volume of a cell by osmosis is defined as tonicity.
A)true
B)false
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