Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 47: The Digestive System

Post-Test

1
Select the correct statement concerning the submucosa.
A)The submucosa is a layer of muscle tissue.
B)The submucosa is composed of connective tissue.
C)The submucosa is the innermost tissue layer of the gut.
D)The submucosa contains an epithelial lining.
E)The submucosa is a layer of adipose tissue.
F)No statement is correct
2
What sort of mammal would be expected to have large cuspid teeth?
A)an omnivore.
B)a carnivore.
C)a herbivore.
D)a ruminant.
E)none of the above
3
Which of the following are the function(s) of HCl in the stomach?
A)to activate pepsinogen to become pepsin.
B)to kill bacteria.
C)to help denature food proteins.
D)to provide the optimal pH for pepsin.
E)all of the above
4
What is the function of bile pigments?
A)emulsify fats.
B)no function - they are waste products from the liver.
C)hydrolyze starch.
D)complete the breakdown of proteins.
E)none of the above.
5
Which is a true statement about the large intestine?
A)is longer than the small intestine.
B)has villi and microvilli.
C)completes the digestive process.
D)absorbs water, electrolytes and products of bacterial metabolism.
E)all of the above
6
Which is a correct statement about coprophagy?
A)occurs in carnivores.
B)occurs in nonruminant herbivores.
C)occurs in ruminant herbivores.
D)is the eating of feces.
E)involves the digestion of wood products by symbiotic bacteria.
7
The duodenum secretes which of the following hormones?
A)cholecystokinin, secretin,
B)cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
C)gastrin, secretin,
D)cholecystokinin, secretin, gastrin
E)chymotripsin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide
8
The hormones insulin and glucagon are produced by different cells in the pancreas and have antagonistic effects. Insulin promotes the cellular uptake of glucose into liver, muscle and fat cells. What occurs when blood glucose levels increase?
A)There is decreased insulin and glucagon production.
B)There is increased glucagon production.
C)Glycogen is hydrolyzed by the liver and glucose is released into the blood.
D)There is increased insulin production.
E)None of the above.
9
Leptin is a peptide hormone that is thought to be the main signaling molecule in the afferent portion of the control circuit for food intake. However, it is found in normal, or even high levels, in obese people. What might be a possible reason for this?
A)a mutant, non-functional form of leptin is present
B)lack of leptin receptors in adipose cells
C)reduced sensitivity to leptin in the brain
D)reduced sensitivity to leptin in the duodenum
E)none of the above
10
What is the most important limitation of a gastrovascular cavity, as found in cnidaria?
A)There is only one opening (i.e. no separate mouth and anus).
B)Specialization of digestive functions is not possible.
C)Only small food particles can be ingested.
D)The size of the animal is limited.
E)all of the above
11
How do birds break up food particles into sizes that can be digested?
A)chewing with their teeth.
B)the secretion of digestive enzymes in the crop
C)the grinding action of gritty objects or pebbles in the gizzard
D)the grinding action of gritty objects or pebbles in the crop
E)none of the above
12
What is peristalsis?
A)the sphincter connecting the esophagus to the stomach
B)rhythmic waves of muscular contractions in the esophagus
C)a digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach
D)a specialized stomach found in ruminants
E)none of the above
13
What is the primary function of the villi and microvilli in the duodenum?
A)emulsify fats
B)provide a very large surface area for absorption
C)make gut transport easier
D)complete the break down of proteins.
E)increase gut absorption time
14
True or False: In humans, two sphincters control the passage of feces through the anus.
A)true
B)false
15
What is gastrin?
A)an enzyme
B)a hormone that is secreted by cells in the stomach
C)a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas
D)a hormone that inhibits HCl secretion in the stomach
E)both a hormone that is secreted by cells in the stomach and one that inhibits the secretion of HCl
16
After a meal with lots of carbohydrates, what happens?
A)Insulin secretion is increased while glucagon secretion is decreased.
B)Insulin secretion is decreased while glucagon secretion is increased.
C)Glycogenolysis is initiated by the liver.
D)Gluconeogenesis is initiated by the liver.
17
True or false: Skeletal muscle is capable of removing glucose from blood.
A)true
B)false
18
Skeletal muscles can use their own glycogen stores but cannot secrete glucose into the blood. Why?
A)Skeletal muscle cells lack the membrane transport proteins with which to move the glucose from within their cytoplasm into blood vessels.
B)Skeletal muscles store so little glycogen that there is never enough to move into blood.
C)Before it becomes free glucose that can be moved into the blood, glycogen must be broken into monomers of glucose-6-phosphate, and each monomer must have a phosphate group removed. Skeletal muscles lack the enzyme for removal of the phosphate but can use the glucose-6-phosphate in glycolysis.
D)The breakdown product of glycogen is glucose-6-phosphate which is the product of the first reaction in glycolysis.
19
If more calories are consumed than are used in a period of time, say a day, what happens to the excess calories?
A)They are first converted to fat and the remaining calories are converted to glycogen.
B)They are converted to muscle protein first and then converted to fat.
C)They are all converted to glycogen which is stored in vesicles within fat cells.
D)They are first converted to glycogen and the remaining calories are converted to fat.
20
True or false: Both the alpha cells that secrete glucagon and the beta cells that secrete insulin are located within Islets of Langehans in the liver.
A)true
B)false
21
How is feeding behavior ultimately controlled?
A)By the lower brain
B)By the pancreas
C)By the hypothalamus
D)By the liver
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