Biology (Raven), 10th Edition

Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Post-Test

1
What do cellulose and glycogen have in common?
A)Nothing.
B)They are both found only in plants.
C)They are both polysaccharides.
D)They are both monosaccharides.
E)They are both muscle sugars
2
A double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic information is
A)DNA.
B)RNA.
C)a nucleotide.
D)a base.
E)Cellulose
3
Which of the following monomers is NOT correctly matched with an appropriate corresponding polymer?
A)amino acid—starch
B)nucleotide—DNA
C)monosaccharide—glycogen
D)nucleotide—RNA
E)all of these are correctly matched.
4
Why is carbon so important in biological systems?
A)Carbon can form long covalently bonded chains which can incorporate many other atoms.
B)Carbon obeys different laws of chemistry than most other chemicals.
C)Of all the elements, only carbon has 4 valence electrons.
D)Carbon has the unique ability to form double bonds with other carbon atoms.
E)Carbon is the most abundant type of atom on Earth.
5
Which of the following best fits the category of "polysaccharide"?
A)glucose
B)cellulose
C)maltose
D)sucrose
E)galactose
6
True or False: All biologically significant nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides held together with phosphodiester bonds.
A)True
B)False
7
Which of the following is not a biological function that can be provided by some type of protein?
A)Support
B)Motion
C)Defense
D)There are proteins which can provide each of the above functions.
E)Proteins do not perform these functions.
8
True or False: Lipids are typically dominated by nonpolar covalent bonds.
A)True
B)False
9
Which of these is a true difference between starch and cellulose?
A)Starch is produced only by plant cells, and cellulose is produced only by animal cells.
B)Cellulose forms long filaments, and starch is highly branched.
C)Starch is insoluble, and cellulose is soluble.
D)They are composed of different monomers.
E)Starch is a disaccharide and cellulose is a polysaccharide.
10
Which of these are monomers of proteins?
A)Monosaccharides
B)Nucleotides
C)Amino acids
D)Fatty acids
E)glycerol
11
A triglyceride is a form of _______ composed of ___________.
A)lipid; fatty acids and glucose
B)lipid; fatty acids and glycerol
C)carbohydrate; fatty acids
D)lipid; cholesterol
E)protein; amino acids
12
Why are carbohydrates important for energy storage?
A)The double bond between carbon and oxygen are very strong.
B)The electronegativity of the oxygen atoms means that a carbohydrate is made up of many polar bonds.
C)They can form ring structures in the aqueous environment of a cell.
D)Carbohydrates are NOT important molecules for energy storage.
E)The covalent C–H bonds found in carbohydrates store energy.
13
True or False: Isomeric differences in carbohydrates often account for substantial functional differences.
A)True
B)False
14
Which of these is NOT an important biological carbohydrate?
A)Starch
B)Glycogen
C)Cellulose
D)Chitin
E)Myoglobin
15
Which of these is NOT true of the five chemical classes of amino acids, based on their R group?
A)Nonpolar amino acids, such as leucine, often have R groups that contain —CH2 or —CH3.
B)Polar uncharged amino acids, such as threonine, have R groups that contain oxygen (or —OH).
C)Charged amino acids, such as glutamic acid, have R groups that contain acids or bases that can ionize.
D)Aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine, have R groups that contain an organic (carbon) ring with alternating single and double bonds.
E)Amino acids that have special functions have similar properties.
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