[Image Mongols]

5. Disasters of the Fourteenth Century

1. The Black Death and Its Consequences
• [Primary Source Black Death described by Boccaccio]
• [Image Beggars]
• [Primary Source Jacquerie of 1358]
• [Primary Source English Peasant Revolt of 1381]
• [Image Small peasants]
• [Primary Source Froissart, Hundred Years' War]
• [Primary Source Joan of Arc]

2. Troubles of the Medieval Church
• [Primary Source Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam]
• [Primary Source Petrarch, Letter Criticizing the Avignon Papacy]
• [Primary Source Great Schism]
• [Primary Source Witchcraft Documents]
• [Primary Source Witchcraft Trial]
• [Primary Source John Wyclif, On the Sacrament of Communion]
• [Primary Source Condemnation of Wycliffe, 1382 and Wycliffe's Reply, 1384]
• [Primary Source John Huss]

3. The Conciliar Movement
• [Primary Source Council of Pisa]
• [Primary Source Council of Constance]
• [Primary Source Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 1438]
• [Image Lucretia Borgia]

6. The Renaissance in Italy

1. The Italian Cities and the New Conception of Life
• [Primary Source Villani, Florentine Chronicle]
• [Primary Source Da Vinci]

2. Humanism: The Birth of "Literature"
• [Image Dante, Divine Comedy]
• [Primary Source Petrarch, Familiar Letters]

3. Schooling, Manners and Family Life
• [Image Durer, Young Venetian Woman]

4. Politics and the Italian Renaissance
• [Primary Source Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince]

7. The Renaissance outside Italy

1. Religious Scholarship and Science
• [Primary Source Paracelsus, The Treasure of Treasures for Alchemists]

2. Mysticism and Lay Religion
• [Primary Source Thomas a Kempis, Imitation of Christ]

3. Erasmus of Rotterdam
• [Primary Source Praise of Folly]

8. The New Monarchies

1. The New Monarchy in England, France, and Spain
• [Primary Source Louis XI]

2. The Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg Supremacy
• [Primary Source Fall of Constantinople]
• [Primary Source Fall of Constantinople]
• [Map Hungary under Ottomans]
• [Primary Source Visit to Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent]

9. The Protestant Reformation

1. Luther and Lutheranism
• [Primary Source Luther on Indulgences]
• [Image City of Wittenberg]
• [Image Peasant's War]
• [Primary Source The Twelve Articles of the Peasants]
• [Primary Source Anabaptists: The Schleitheim Confession, 1527]

2. Calvin and Calvinism
• [Primary Source Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion]
• [Primary Source Geneva]

3. The Reformation in England
• [Image Henry VIII]
• [Primary Source Letter of Thomas Cranmer on Henry VIII's divorce, 1533]
• [Primary Source Act of Supremacy]
• [Primary Source Thomas More, Utopia]

4. The Consolidation of Protestantism by 1560

10. Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

1. The Council of Trent

2. The Counter Crusade
• [Image Paul III]
• [Primary Source Ignatius Loyola, Spiritual Exercises]
• [Primary Source Index of Prohibited Books]