AP Biology (Mader), 11th Edition

Chapter 31: Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Learning Outcomes

31.1 Types of Tissues

1. List and describe the four major types of tissues found in animals.
2. Identify the common locations of the various types of animal tissues.
3. Explain how specialization of cells in tissues enhances tissue function.

31.2 Organs, Organ Systems, and Body Cavities

1. Distinguish between tissues, organs, and organ systems.
2. List the major life processes carried out by each organ system in vertebrate animals.
3. Describe the two main cavities of the human body, and the major organs found in each.

31.3 The Integumetary System

1. Distinguish between the functions of skin that are common to all animals versus those that are unique to specific groups.
2. Identify the two main regions of skin, and how these differ from the subcutaneous layer.
3. Explain the function of melanocytes in the skin and the effects of UV radiation.
4. Describe the makeup and function of the accessory structures of human skin.

31.4 Homeostasis

1. Define homeostasis, and explain why it is an essential feature of all living organisms.
2. Evaluate the evolutionary benefits of regulating an internal variable, such as body temperature, versus the cost.
3. Differentiate between positive and negative feedback mechanisms, and list one specific example of each in animals.