| sex | The properties of a person that determine his or her classification as male or female.
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| sex chromosomes | In humans, the pair of genes that differs between the sexes and determines a person's sex as male or female.
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| gonads | Glands that produce sex hormones and generate ova (eggs) in females and sperm in males; collectively called gametes, the ova and sperm are the cells that will eventually be used in reproduction.
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| secondary sex characteristics | Traits that differ between the two sexes but are not part of the reproductive system; they include breasts in females and facial hair in males.
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| gender | The social and psychological aspects of being female or male; gender goes beyond biological sex to include a person's understanding of the meaning to his or her own life of being male or female.
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| gender identity | An individual's multifaceted sense of belonging to the male or female sex.
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| androgynous | Having attributes that we typically associate with both genders.
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| disorders of sexual development (DSD) | Congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical; formerly called intersex conditions (or hermaphroditism ).
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| transgender | Experiencing one's psychological gender as different from one's physical sex, as in the cases of biological males who identify as female, and biological females who identify as male.
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| gender identity disorder (GID) | Strong, persistent cross-sex identification and a continuing discomfort with, or sense of inappropriateness of, one's assigned sex.
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| sexual selection | According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the differentiation between the male and female members of a species because of the differences between the two in competition and choice.
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| gender roles | Expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel.
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| gender stereotypes | Overly general beliefs and expectations about what women and men are like.
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| gender similarities hypothesis | Hyde's proposition that men and women (and boys and girls) are much more similar than they are different.
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| aggression | Behaviors that are intended to harm another person.
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| overt aggression | Physically or verbally harming another person directly.
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| conduct disorder | A pattern of offensive behavior that violates the basic rights of others.
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| relational aggression | Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person.
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| sexuality | The ways people experience and express themselves as sexual beings.
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| sexual orientation | The direction of an individual's erotic interests.
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| heterosexual | Referring to a sexual orientation in which the individual is generally sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.
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| homosexual | Referring to a sexual orientation in which the individual is generally sexually attracted to members of the same sex.
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| bisexual | Referring to a sexual orientation in which the individual is sexually attracted to people of both sexes.
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| human sexual response pattern | Masters and Johnson's model of human sexual response, consisting of four phases—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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| fetish | An object or activity that arouses sexual interest and desire.
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| paraphilias | Sexual disorders that feature recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects; the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner; or children or other nonconsenting persons.
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| pedophilia | A paraphilia in which an adult or an older adolescent sexually fantasizes about or engages in sexual behavior with individuals who have not reached puberty.
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| sexually transmitted infection (STI) | An infection that is contracted primarily through sexual activity—vaginal intercourse as well as oral and anal sex.
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| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | A sexually transmitted infection, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that destroys the body's immune system.
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