1 Which of the following countries was the leading European commercial and colonial power in the eighteenth century?A) France B) Holland C) Spain D) Britain 2 At the beginning of the industrial revolution, Britain enjoyed cheap and quick transportation because of itsA) railway network. B) navigable rivers. C) well-paved roads. D) underground system. 3 The agricultural revolution was indispensable to Britain's industrialization becauseA) it greatly increased cotton cultivation. B) many of the resulting new inventions could be harnessed to industrial uses. C) it freed up the labor needed to work in factories. D) it destroyed the cottage industry, making it necessary to find another way of producing the consumer goods in demand. 4 By 1850, the majority of Britain's populationA) lived in the countryside. B) produced food. C) worked in coal mines. D) lived in the cities. 5 The first advances in production, which would lead to increased output and new opportunities for entrepreneurs, took place inA) cotton. B) iron. C) steam. D) food. 6 Which invention helped to spur further innovation in the cotton industry because it increased the demand for thread?A) power loom B) flying shuttle C) spinning jenny D) water loom 7 The industrial revolution's most important technological advance could be considered theA) spinning jenny. B) steam engine. C) conveyor belt. D) bellows. 8 Steam engines were powered byA) solar energy. B) natural gas. C) coal. D) electricity. 9 Which innovation brought together all aspects of the industrial revolution, created demand for a series of related products, and facilitated both supply and transportation?A) the steamboat B) the railroad C) canal building D) steel bridges 10 Which of the following, which opened in 1851, was the symbol of Britain's industrial triumph and manufacturing success?A) the railroad B) the Crystal Palace C) the steamboat D) the flying shuttle 11 Some of the continental European governments tried to catch up to British industrialization by means of all of the following methods EXCEPTA) enacting protective tariffs. B) subsidizing new industries. C) buying out entire British industries. D) eliminating internal tariffs, as the German states did in the Zollverein. 12 Between 1780 and 1850, the European populationA) ballooned from 175 million to 266 million. B) declined from 266 million to 175 million. C) experienced rising mortality rates. D) became more homogenized in terms of economic class. 13 The British economist who said that population growth would surpass the food supply wasA) David Ricardo. B) Eli Whitney. C) Thomas Malthus. D) Thomas Newcomen. 14 The major type of workers' organization that helped factory laborers to develop a sense of class consciousness during the industrial revolution was theA) mutual aid society. B) fraternal society. C) guild. D) union. 15 The way in which workers protested against the industrial machinery that threatened their jobs-a form of industrial sabotage according to British parliament-was known asA) Luddism. B) Unionism. C) Communism. D) striking. 16 One example of the tremendous urban growth experienced in parts of Europe from 1780 to 1850 wasA) Moscow, Russia. B) Manchester, England. C) Zagreb, Croatia. D) Helsinki, Finland. 17 In the novel Hard Times , which of the following authors described the way industrialization was affecting the fictional settlement Coketown?A) Frederich Engels B) Emily Brontë C) Charles Dickens D) Mark Twain 18 The "Bobbies," established by a law passed in 1828 by Parliament, hit the streets of London as its first modernA) social workers. B) police force. C) private investigators. D) sanitation crew. 19 In 1796 in England, Edward Jenner developed a safe form of the vaccine that would eventually protect millions of people fromA) chicken pox. B) cholera. C) tuberculosis. D) smallpox. 20 Jane Austin was among those novelists who reflected the middle-class belief inA) the importance of the home as the setting for a rewarding family life. B) entrepreneurship. C) the problem of bureaucracy within the established church. D) a women's obligation to work outside the home. 21 Visiting a doctor in the 1850s was a risky affair; often, their remedies for diseases caused more harm than good for the patients. Out of all the following commonly-prescribed early nineteenth-century treatments, which is the only one that was NOT generally harmful to the patient?A) taking the waters B) the drug Laudanum C) bloodletting D) laxative purges 22 During the industrial revolution, a new type of family arose among the middle class in Europe. Which of the following is a characteristic of the new middle-class family?A) a great number of children B) a stress on social status rather than love in marriage C) a belief that the home should be a haven D) a distaste for material possessions