Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 7: Marine Animals Without a Backbone

Chapter Quiz

1
At least 97% of all species of animals are invertebrates.
A)True
B)False
2
Sponges do not have which feature?
A)Specialized cells
B)Gametes
C)Supporting structures
D)Organs
3
Feeding currents in sponges are produced by flagellated cells called choanocytes.
A)True
B)False
4
Water enters a sponge through which part?
A)Osculum
B)Ostium
C)Coelom
D)Pinacocytes
5
Radial symmetry, such as seen in Cnidaria, occurs when similar parts of a body are arranged and repeated around a central axis.
A)True
B)False
6
In all animals with radial symmetry,
A)There is no head.
B)The body plan is in five parts.
C)There is no oral surface.
D)There is an anterior end.
7
Mature marine hydrozoan Cnidaria are mainly colonies of polyps that produce medusae.
A)True
B)False
8
The gelatinous bell of a medusa is composed of which of these?
A)Cnidocytes
B)Mesoglea
C)Spicules
D)Gastrodermis
9
Scyphozoan cnidarians may be found in a polyp form, but the medusa stage generally dominates.
A)True
B)False
10
There is no medusa stage in the
A)Anthozoa.
B)Hydrozoa.
C)Scyphozoa.
D)Cubozoa.
11
Ctenophores are similar to scyphozoan cnidarians in that they both have which feature?
A)Gelatinous body
B)Sting their prey
C)Rows of long cilia
D)Skeleton of calcium carbonate
12
In bilaterally symmetric animals, the term "bilateral" indicates that there are two ways of cutting the body to get two identical halves.
A)True
B)False
13
Marine worms may gain support for the body from which of these means?
A)An exoskeleton
B)A protein skeleton
C)A hydrostatic skeleton
D)An endoskeleton
14
Platyhelminths have a centralized brain, while cnidarians do not.
A)True
B)False
15
Unlike other flatworms, tapeworms have which feature?
A)A long proboscis
B)No digestive tract
C)Bright colors
D)A gut with septa
16
Nemertean worms entangle prey with a proboscis everted from a cavity above the mouth.
A)True
B)False
17
Marine nematode worms are hardly ever seen because they are relatively few in number.
A)True
B)False
18
Annelid worms have a true coelom for a body cavity, but nematode, nemertean, and platyhelminth worms do not.
A)True
B)False
19
A polychaete worm can be told from a sipunculan, nemertean, or echiuran by its
A)Suckers.
B)Movable anterior portion.
C)Non-retractable proboscis.
D)Segmentation.
20
Segments of polychaete worms usually have fleshy extensions called parapodia that often have stiff bristles called setae.
A)True
B)False
21
Pogonophoran worms differ from most other worms in that their digestive tracts are filled with bacteria.
A)True
B)False
22
Molluscs and annelids produce similar planktonic larvae called trochophores.
A)True
B)False
23
Most molluscs have a radula, a ribbon-like structure that carries rows of small teeth.
A)True
B)False
24
Among mollusks, there is no radula among the
A)Gastropods.
B)Bivalves.
C)Cephalopods.
D)Chitons.
25
All molluscs have an external shell made of calcium carbonate.
A)True
B)False
26
Some gastropods use their radulas to scrape algae from rocks, and some are carnivores that may use the radula to rasp a hole in a prey's shell.
A)True
B)False
27
In a bivalve, the gills serve in
A)Gas exchange only.
B)Gas exchange and feeding.
C)Gas exchange and shell production.
D)Gas exchange and production of noxious chemicals.
28
Which feature of cephalopods is found in other mollusks?
A)Foot modified into arms and suckers
B)Complex nervous system
C)Closed circulatory system
D)Mantle
29
Cephalopods use a structure called a funnel to squirt out water from their mantle cavities in order to create a kind of jet propulsion.
A)True
B)False
30
Cephalopods are considered to have the most complex brain outside of the vertebrates, capable of advanced learning.
A)True
B)False
31
A closed circulatory system always has which of these features?
A)Blood within distinct vessels
B)A heart with chambers
C)Open blood spaces
D)The ability to take up nutrients from seawater
32
A carapace
A)Covers the cephalothorax.
B)Is segmented.
C)Has two lateral valves.
D)Is present in all Crustacea.
33
Arthropods must discard (molt) their chitinous exoskeletons in order to grow.
A)True
B)False
34
Crustaceans generally reproduce by
A)External fertilization.
B)Use of a modified arm to transfer a packet of sperm.
C)Direct sperm transfer.
D)Releasing gametes into the water.
35
Copepod crustaceans typically use their antennae to swim in the plankton.
A)True
B)False
36
Some of the most common and widespread marine animals are
A)Insects.
B)Copepods.
C)Loriciferans.
D)Brachiopods
37
Barnacles use their legs to filter particles out of the water.
A)True
B)False
38
An important food source in polar ecosystems consists of
A)Hermit crabs.
B)Barnacles.
C)Krill.
D)Fish lice.
39
Decapods have
A)Only one pair of antennae.
B)Specialized feathery filtering appendages.
C)A large proboscis.
D)Three pair of maxillipeds.
40
Hermit crabs have a long, soft abdomen, while true crabs have a small abdomen tucked under the cephalothorax.
A)True
B)False
41
Colonial zooids with a lophophore belong to the
A)Phoronida.
B)Anthozoa.
C)Bryozoa.
D)Brachiopoda.
42
Echinoderms are characterized by
A)Usually having a heptaradial symmetry.
B)Having an exoskeleton similar to that of the Arthropoda.
C)Often moving by use of hundreds of fluid-powered tube feet.
D)All of the above.
E)Both b and c.
43
In a starfish, an external part of the water-vascular system is
A)The ring canal.
B)Aristotle's lantern.
C)An ampulla.
D)A tube foot.
44
Echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates (which include humans) are all thought to be closely related because of common features in early embryonic development.
A)True
B)False
45
Hemichordates and echinoderms may both have
A)A notochord.
B)A dorsal nerve cord.
C)Similar larval stages.
D)A backbone.
46
Sea cucumbers (holothuroidean Echinodermata) are carnivores, using modified tentacular tube feet to grasp animal prey.
A)True
B)False
47
The mouth is directed upward in the
A)Asteroidea.
B)Crinoidea.
C)Holothuroidea.
D)Ophiuroidea.
48
Sea squirts lose their notochord as adults.
A)True
B)False
49
A lancelet, like other chordates, has which feature?
A)A pair of large eyes
B)A water-vascular system
C)A large proboscis
D)A dorsal nerve cord
50
The Cephalochordata feed by
A)Collecting particles among ciliated arms.
B)Deposit feeding.
C)Using the proboscis to stir up prey.
D)filter-feeding.
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