Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Biology

Chapter Quiz

1
An example of a structural carbohydrate is
A)ATP.
B)RNA.
C)Chitin.
D)Glucose.
2
Like complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids are large molecules, but unlike carbohydrates, they contain which of these?
A)Carbon
B)Hydrogen
C)Oxygen
D)Nitrogen
3
An important function of lipids for marine birds is which?
A)Carrying oxygen in the blood
B)Structural support
C)Keeping feathers dry
D)Speeding up metabolic processes.
4
The inherited information of an organism is contained in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
A)True
B)False
5
The direct function of genes is to
A)Code for a trait, such as blue eyes.
B)Allow natural selection to proceed.
C)Specify the order of amino acids in one protein.
D)Make perfect copies of each strand of DNA.
6
In photosynthesis,
A)Carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose.
B)Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
C)Energy stored in organic matter is transferred to ATP.
D)Carbon is converted to an inorganic form.
7
Because chlorophyll is green, all photosynthetic autotrophs are this color.
A)True
B)False
8
Autotrophs have no need of respiration since they obtain energy from nonliving sources.
A)True
B)False
9
Primary production is the net gain in organic matter remaining after autotrophs have been consumed by heterotrophs.
A)True
B)False
10
In the ocean, the most important nutrient is
A)Nitrate.
B)Phosphate.
C)Silicate.
D)Iron.
11
Nitrogen (such as NO3-) and phosphorus (PO4-3) compounds are usually the most important nutrients for primary production in the oceans.
A)True
B)False
12
Prokaryotes have nuclei but no mitochondria or chloroplasts.
A)True
B)False
13
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles in eukaryotes that have properties of prokaryotes, suggesting an ancient symbiotic origin.
A)True
B)False
14
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have which of these?
A)Flagella
B)A nucleus
C)Mitochondria
D)A cell wall
15
Though diffusion results in a net movement of a substance from an area of high to an area of low concentration, it is based completely on random molecular motions.
A)True
B)False
16
Small marine organisms can rely on diffusion for exchange of materials with the environment because of their low surface/volume ration.
A)True
B)False
17
A biologist suspects that a polychaete worm uses active transport to remove a pollutant from its tissues. Evidence for this idea would be which of the following?
A)An increased concentration of the pollutant at the exits of its excretory organs as opposed to inside its tissues
B)Presence of excretory organs
C)A greater concentration of the pollutant in the sediment outside the worm than inside of it
D)Survival of the worm in polluted mud
18
A fish with an internal salinity of 14 parts per thousand tends to gain water from the marine environment by osmosis.
A)True
B)False
19
In sexual, but not asexual, reproduction
A)Buds can break off.
B)Meiosis occurs.
C)Cell division occurs
D)Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
20
A sea anemone reproduces by fission. This form of asexual reproduction produces
A)Daughter cells.
B)Gametes.
C)Haploid cells.
D)Clones.
21
Sexual reproduction usually requires a halving in the number of chromosomes by the process of meiosis.
A)True
B)False
22
Sperm and eggs generally have a haploid number of chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
23
Two species are considered to be reproductively isolated from each other if they
A)Look different from each other.
B)Inhabit separate areas.
C)Produce infertile offspring after mating.
D)are very different in size.
24
Strictly speaking, evolution refers to
A)Genetic changes in populations.
B)Survival of the best-adapted individual.
C)The origin of life.
D)The establishment of new species.
25
Natural selection occurs when there are heritable differences among members of a population that lead some members to reproduce more successfully than others.
A)True
B)False
26
Which is the correct arrangement of biological taxa?
A)Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order
B)Kingdom-Class-Phylum-Order
C)Class-Phylum-Order-Family
D)Phylum-Order-Class-Family
27
Within a taxon, members are thought to share a common ancestor.
A)True
B)False
28
Which of these are not included in the Kingdom Protista?
A)Seaweeds
B)Unicellular organisms
C)Fungi
D)Eukaryotic organisms
29
The Archaea are now considered to be separate from Bacteria because
A)There are differences in their RNA.
B)They have more than one cell.
C)They have mitochondria.
D)They have no metabolism.
30
In a museum's catalog of specimens, a biologist reads "Echinoidea: Echinidae: Echinus esculentus". She can assume from the label that
A)Someone made a mistake. Only two names should be used.
B)Someone made a mistake. The first three names are identical.
C)Echinoidea is a class and Echinidae is a family.
D)The first two names should be underlined or in italics.
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