Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 19: The Oceans and Human Affairs

Chapter Quiz

1
Maps of the world produced before 1480 show one of these areas more or less accurately. Which is it?
A)Indian Ocean
B)Eastern coast of Asia
C)Mediterranean Sea
D)Arctic Ocean
2
The first Europeans to explore southern Africa and pioneer sea routes to India were the
A)Romans.
B)Greeks.
C)Portuguese.
D)Spanish.
3
All of the following areas are isolated by water barriers. Where do you think that the people had the least contact with other cultures prior to the 1700s?
A)Japan
B)Ireland
C)Australia
D)The Mediterranean islands
4
The largest volume of seaborne trade is for food transport.
A)True
B)False
5
A container ship might carry which of these?
A)Heavy equipment
B)Oil
C)Passengers
D)Freshly cut flowers
6
The coastal peoples of the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada fished for which of these?
A)Pearls
B)Herring
C)Cod
D)Salmon
7
One of the greatest Mediterranean seaports of the late Middle Ages was
A)London.
B)Venice.
C)Amsterdam.
D)Cairo.
8
Which of the following features is considered to be most important in defining a group of people as a maritime culture?
A)They live along the ocean.
B)They go fishing.
C)They depend on the ocean for their survival.
D)They eat seafood.
9
History has been influenced by naval battles at all of these places but which one?
A)Trafalgar
B)Midway
C)The Gulf of California
D)Jutland
10
A news article states that a Japanese submarine from World War II has been found at a depth of over 3,000 m. The article is accompanied by a false color relief profile showing the outline of the submarine above the flat sea floor. How was the submarine likely to have been found?
A)Side-scan sonar
B)Remotely controlled vehicle
C)Manned submarine
D)Photography
11
Side-scan sonar can profile underwater archaeological sites covered with sediment.
A)True
B)False
12
Tourism has greatly reduced harm to marine environments, since beautiful marine sites generally are preserved for tourists rather than being exploited for food or materials.
A)True
B)False
13
One of countries on the Persian Gulf proposes to build a huge, artificial island by dredging up sand from the sea floor, then building expensive homes on the island. Which of these effects of such activities is NOT likely to occur?
A)Increased siltation in the water
B)Destruction of shallow-water invertebrate communities
C)Disturbance of habitat for fishes
D)Enhancement of habitat for reef corals
14
The traditional women divers of Korea
A)Are engaged exclusively in the pearl oyster trade.
B)Dive in warm, calm tropical water.
C)Are limited to shallow dives, no more than 10 m, because they hold their breath while diving.
D)Are forbidden to use scuba gear, to prevent overfishing.
15
Fishermen who are out of work have gained employment in which activity?
A)Raising sea turtle hatchlings
B)Taking tourists on whale-watching tours
C)Transporting large containers.
D)Creating artistic objects for sale.
16
According to international law, if a strait falls within 12 nautical miles of one or more nations,
A)They must negotiate to decide who controls the strait.
B)Unimpeded surface transit is guaranteed for everyone.
C)The larger nation can declare that the strait is part of its exclusive economic zone.
D)The resources in that strait belong to the United Nations.
17
The establishment of exclusive economic zones requires that foreign ships remain 200 miles away from the coast of a particular country.
A)True
B)False
18
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1982 led to an agreement to protect the earth's biodiversity and the interests of traditional fisheries of native peoples.
A)True
B)False
19
Access to marine resources may continue to cause conflict among nations in the future.
A)True
B)False
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