Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 11: Between the Tides

Chapter Quiz

1
Of these intertidal habitats, which would be the most difficult to study?
A)wave-swept rocks at high tide
B)A deep pool at low tide
C)A muddy bay with low oxygen in the sediment
D)A flat sandy beach in a bay
2
If a biologist wants to study the life of tide pools, he would be wise to visit which state?
A)Texas
B)Virginia
C)Washington
D)Vermont
3
Rocky intertidal species exposed to air cope with potential desiccation by all of these means except which one?
A)Avoiding the hot sun by moving or growing in damp crevices
B)Sealing up shells and over coverings to prevent water loss
C)Having a tolerance for losing up to 90% of the body water
D)Having brown shells
4
The largest high-to-low range of the tide would occur during a spring tide.
A)True
B)False
5
Deposit feeders are very common in rocky intertidal areas due to the high amount of detritus trapped in the rocks.
A)True
B)False
6
Nutrients from seawater are generally the key limiting resource in the rocky intertidal zone.
A)True
B)False
7
In the middle rocky intertidal, disturbances such as wave action always reduce the diversity by removing species.
A)True
B)False
8
Tide pools at the highest tide levels may be inhabited only by bacterial films. Why might this be so?
A)Grazing snails do not range into the highest tidal levels.
B)The animals of the upper intertidal zone cannot survive total emersion in seawater.
C)The water in the pools can evaporate, making the pools hypersaline.
D)Nothing eats bacteria.
9
At low tide, which of these intertidal animals would be the most difficult to observe?
A)A chiton that lives on rocks
B)A mussel living in surf-swept areas
C)A crab that retreats into a burrow
D)A limpet that lives under algae
10
In a rocky intertidal area, an observer probably could find the most filter-feeding barnacles in which area?
A)Quiet silty pool
B)Ocean-facing mid-tidal rock
C)Upper part of a surf-swept cliff
D)Under seaweeds
11
In the lowest intertidal zone, seaweeds can eliminate other competing seaweeds by
A)Having more larval stages.
B)Shading them so that the competing species cannot carry on photosynthesis.
C)Attaching to them.
D)Being able to tolerate harsher environmental conditions.
12
The lower rocky intertidal zone is dominated by lichens and cyanobacteria.
A)True
B)False
13
Seaweeds grow well in some soft-bottom communities because their holdfasts grip the sediment well.
A)True
B)False
14
Many marine animals in soft-bottom communities specialize as herbivores on the abundant mats of diatoms that often grow there.
A)True
B)False
15
An example of sessile epifauna would be a
A)Barnacle.
B)Starfish.
C)Periwinkle.
D)Soft-shelled clam.
16
Which feature is not found in organisms exposed to wave shock?
A)Strong anchorage system
B)Low body profile
C)Suction cup
D)Tolerance of low oxygen levels
17
Feeding by sea stars benefits
A)Mussels, by reducing the number of algal competitors.
B)Lobsters, by reducing the numbers of mussels.
C)Barnacles, by reducing the numbers of dog whelks.
D)Periwinkles, by reducing the numbers of unicorn snails.
18
Animals of the upper sandy beach generally feed
A)On dune plants.
B)On diatoms.
C)By scavenging.
D)By filtering the water at high tide.
19
Polychaete worms with long, sticky tentacles feed by
A)Catching particles from the water column.
B)Producing a mucus net.
C)Spreading the tentacles on the bottom and catching particles there.
D)Pumping water through siphons.
20
A burrowing worm is colored bright red. What might be the reason for this?
A)Warning coloration
B)It's nocturnal
C)It contains hemoglobin
D)Mate attraction
21
Some snails use a light-colored operculum to reflect sunlight in hot intertidal habitats.
A)True
B)False
22
Intertidal algae tend to be rigid in order to withstand wave shock.
A)True
B)False
23
Intertidal barnacles anchor themselves to the rock using a foot-like tissue with powerful suction.
A)True
B)False
24
Most rocky intertidal species disperse via larvae.
A)True
B)False
25
Caging experiments have shown that mussels are superior to algae as competitors for space, and algae may only "win" the competition if there is high predation of the mussels.
A)True
B)False
26
Periwinkles (Littorina) often dominate the upper rocky intertidal because they can breathe air and tolerate extreme temperatures.
A)True
B)False
27
Little gray barnacles tend to grow in a band above rock barnacles in the rocky intertidal because their larvae settle above those of the latter.
A)True
B)False
28
If limpets graze on newly settled larvae and spores, succession may never pass the bacteria and algal film stage.
A)True
B)False
29
Calm, sheltered areas tend to have muddy bottoms, while sedimented areas with higher currents and waves tend to be more sandy.
A)True
B)False
30
The presence of hydrogen sulfide in marine sediments indicates the presence of anaerobic bacteria and low oxygen.
A)True
B)False
31
Burrowing clams use their feet to rock their shells back and forth to dig a hole.
A)True
B)False
32
Upper zones of sandy beaches are dominated by crustaceans that eat smaller animals, detritus, and other dead matter.
A)True
B)False
33
An important discovery of the PISCO study is that
A)Intertidal organisms do not show patterns of zonation.
B)Distributions of individual species are more uniform than previously thought.
C)Coastal upwelling influences predation and grazing.
D)Coastal communities are more or less the same over very large areas of coast.
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