Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 10: An Introduction to Marine Ecology

Chapter Quiz

1
An example of a primary producer is a
A)Killer whale.
B)Diatom.
C)Copepod.
D)Small fish.
2
A food pyramid consists of 10 million calories' worth of diatoms. How much of this is passed on to third level consumers, such as large fishes?
A)1 million
B)100 thousand
C)10 thousand
D)1 thousand
3
A killer whale is considered to be a _____ level consumer, while a baleen whale is a _____ level consumer.
A)Sixth, second
B)Second, sixth
C)Sixth, first
D)Third, second
4
Some of the highest primary production in a pelagic environment occurs in
A)Coral reefs.
B)The Southern Ocean.
C)Coastal upwelling areas.
D)Central ocean gyres.
5
Most primary producers in the oceans obtain their nitrogen from recycled nitrogen compounds rather than from nitrogen gas.
A)True
B)False
6
Primary productivity can be determined by
A)Measuring the fluorescence that chlorophyll emits.
B)Keeping primary producers in the dark and measuring carbon dioxide production.
C)Measuring nutrients in the water.
D)Measuring DOM.
7
The major problem in halting the loss of biodiversity may be
A)There is no evidence of the usefulness of biodiversity to people.
B)Loss of "flagship species" has no effect on other species.
C)Funding to slow the rate of loss of biodiversity has not been committed.
D)Natural ecosystems are not important for human survival.
8
COML, HMAP, OTN, OBIS, and OLC are all related, in some way, to biodiversity monitoring or preservation.
A)True
B)False
9
Maintenance of biodiversity is of importance to humans because ecosystem efficiency may decline as species are lost.
A)True
B)False
10
Which of the following is a potential problem in achieving a significant reduction in the rate of the loss of biodiversity?
A)Conferences have not been held to discuss this issue.
B)There is no evidence that diverse communities are more efficient at using resources than those that are less diverse.
C)Scientists cannot actually measure how fast biodiversity is disappearing.
D)Scientists have already identified most organisms and evaluated their use to humans.
11
In the Valencia Declaration of 2008, scientists finally put an end to the loss of global biodiversity.
A)True
B)False
12
Physiological adaptations can be passed from an individual to its offspring.
A)True
B)False
13
Species that exhibit resource partitioning are likely to be specialists rather than generalists.
A)True
B)False
14
Damselfishes can be raised in captivity. In a small culture pool, only 10 can be kept because, if more are placed in the pool, they fight. Despite abundant food, only the largest 10 fish survive. This population's growth rate is said to be
A)Self-limiting.
B)Exponential.
C)Suffering from limited resources.
D)Shown by a J-shaped curve.
15
An example of predation is
A)A chiton grazing on algae.
B)A tunicate sucking in plankton.
C)A snail drilling a hole into a clam and then sucking out the flesh.
D)A polychaete worm taking in bacteria-rich sediment.
16
The relationship in which two co-habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each other is called
A)Symbiosis.
B)Coevolution.
C)Commensalism.
D)Mutualism.
17
A biologist monitors a small area of a sea cliff. Two filter-feeders are present. Over time, one of them, a colonial ascidian, completely overgrows a coral. This interaction is an example of
A)Predation.
B)An indirect interaction.
C)A competitive interaction.
D)Resource partitioning.
18
Some snails grow thicker shells on exposure to lobsters. This is an example of
A)Mutualism.
B)An inducible defense.
C)A facultative symbiosis.
D)Heterotrophy.
19
A species' niche is defined as
A)The specific abiotic habitat features to which it is adapted.
B)The exact location where it lives.
C)Its special role in a community.
D)Its specific behavior.
20
Cleaning associations benefit the cleaner species, which get a steady supply of food, and may benefit the cleaned host by removal of irritating parasites.
A)True
B)False
21
A diver sees a fish swim slowly to a large coral head, where a colorful small fish swims in an odd pattern and approaches the bigger one. The coral head may be
A)Its niche.
B)A hiding place.
C)A feeding area.
D)A cleaning station.
22
Larvae of reef fishes may locate a reef by which of these means?
A)Settling into deeper water
B)Hatching where plankton is abundant
C)Riding currents far out to sea
D)Staying close to where their parents produced them
23
A sea grass bed is grazed heavily by sea turtles, yet continues to grow, even though it remains very short. The sea grass bed could have a high
A)Primary production rate.
B)Standing crop.
C)Respiratory rate.
D)Nutrient absorption rate.
24
Because standing stock and primary productivity are not the same, there can be more herbivores than primary producers.
A)True
B)False
25
Nutrients are regenerated from detritus and DOM in the oceans by bacteria and fungi.
A)True
B)False
26
Nitrogen and carbon are often limiting factors because each forms a relatively inert gas that few organisms can extract from the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
27
Most of the phosphorus entering the ocean is brought in by rivers.
A)True
B)False
28
Nitrate in the ocean generally comes from
A)The atmosphere.
B)Acid rain.
C)Weathering of rock.
D)Nitrogen fixation.
29
The mesopelagic is the open-ocean zone that has enough sunlight for some vision but not enough for photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
30
A barnacle exposed to air at low tide inhabits the
A)Littoral zone.
B)Sublittoral zone.
C)Epipelagic zone.
D)Oceanic zone.
31
A nektonic invertebrate could be a
A)Tuna.
B)Copepod.
C)Squid.
D)Diatom.
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