Environmental Science, 11th Edition (Cunningham)

Chapter 24: Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

Practice Quiz

1
Power in politics is characterized as
A)involving competing interests attempting to shape public policy to best serve their own goals.
B)encouraging compromise and attempting to balance competing interests.
C)using rules to assure the civility of the process.
D)all of the above.
2
Criticisms of the rational choice model of determining policy include concerns that
A)it is difficult for scientific data to be brought into play.
B)costs of implementing policies determined in this manner would typically be higher than produced by other models.
C)many conflicting needs can not be validly compared.
D)all of the above.
3
After problem identification, the chronology of events in the policy development cycle is
A)develop proposals, then build support, then enact law, and then implement policy.
B)develop proposals, then enact law, then implement policy, and then build support.
C)build support, then develop proposals, then enact law and then implement policy.
D)develop proposals, then enact law, then build support and then implement policy.
4
NEPA requires an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for every
A)state and local action potentially affecting the environment.
B)federal project having possible environmental side effects.
C)proposal that would increase pollution of the nation's air or water.
D)federal project having significant consequences for environmental quality.
5
A President's decision to require sport utility vehicles to meet the same emission standards as passenger cars would illustrate
A)administrative law.
B)statute law.
C)case law.
D)all of the above.
6
Environmental law is created by which branch(s) of government?
A)Executive
B)Judicial
C)Legislative
D)all of the above
7
A legislative rider is
A)a device whereby legislators attach to unrelated bills amendments that lacked enough public support to become law on their own.
B)a special amendment that can be added to a bill only with unanimous consent of the legislative body.
C)a means by which the judicial branch of government can modify a law passed by Congress.
D)a congressional staff method of moving bills between subcommittees.
8
The Superfund Act
A)funds the remediation of abandoned toxic sites.
B)avoids establishing liability.
C)was not established until 2006.
D)none of the above.
9
SLAPP suits are designed to
A)get to the factual basis of a prior court case to overturn a more recent court decision.
B)intimidate citizens to keep them from taking businesses to court.
C)obtain significant court-ordered punitive damages.
D)embarrass polluting corporations.
10
Interest groups typically try to influence policy development by maximizing objective public evaluation of their ideas.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
11
One of NEPA's major failures is that it does not require federal agencies to evaluate environmental consequences in their decision-making process.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
12
The most effective way to influence a legislator is through personal contact.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
13
The right of a person or group to participate in a court trial is known as standing.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
14
Environmental problems with no simple solutions have come to be called wicked problems by environmental scientists.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
15
The Aarhus Convention, now ratified by 40 nations in Europe and Asia, recognizes the right of every person, present and future, to a healthy environment.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
16
Groups and individuals can attempt to persuade legislators to vote in a certain way via lobbying.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
17
Examples of types if media attention that can be used to sway the opinions of decision makers include
A)organizing protests
B)public education campaigns
C)TV ads
D)All of the above.
18
The first judge to hear a case on a certain issue interprets the law, makes a decision, and sets a(n) _______, which will be used as an example in subsequent trials.
A)antecedent
B)precedent
C)exemplar
D)paradigm
19
International treaties are compromised by the fact that _______.
A)they often represent nothing more than the good intentions of the signatories
B)there is no governing body to enforce international environmental protection
C)only a few have ever been written and most do not deal with environmental issues
D)1 and 2 are correct
E)All of the above are correct.
20
Adaptive management allows us to ______.
A)monitor how conditions are changing
B)adapt our policies to the unexpected
C)learn by doing
D)All of the above
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