Environmental Science, 11th Edition (Cunningham)

Chapter 23: Ecological Economics

Practice Quiz

1
The words ecology and economics are
A)both concerned with the "household", meaning the whole world.
B)both concerned with resource use, although from different perspectives.
C)concerned with understanding how the household works and resource availability, respectively.
D)all of the above.
2
Neoclassical economics views
A)natural resources as the primary factor determining economic success.
B)nature as a source of raw materials and a sink for wastes.
C)a steady-state as the ultimate economic goal.
D)the relationship between supply and demand as having minor importance.
3
Examples of ecological services provided by nature include
A)production of oxygen, food, and fresh water.
B)recycling of organic wastes.
C)maintenance of a rich diversity of life forms.
D)all of the above.
4
An example of an intangible resource is
A)beauty.
B)iron.
C)sunlight.
D)a biogeochemical cycle.
5
Resources that are obtainable from earth but can not necessarily be done so economically are called
A)proven reserves.
B)known resources.
C)recoverable resources.
D)intangible resources.
6
Predicting the available supply of a resource is difficult because
A)technology can increase the efficiency of extraction methods.
B)technology can improve success finding new supplies.
C)substitute materials can come on line making availability of the original resource irrelevant.
D)of all of the above.
7
The application of cost/benefit ratio analysis to many proposed actions has been criticized because of the inability to assign a monetary value to
A)a healthy human life.
B)the collective loss of biological diversity.
C)a lost opportunity to see wildlife.
D)all of the above.
8
Using natural resources so as to be sustainable indefinitely requires
A)harvesting natural products at rates not faster than the materials can be naturally replaced.
B)release of waste materials no faster than the natural world can process them.
C)both of the above.
9
An object's external costs are the
A)price the consumer pays for a product less sales tax.
B)price the consumer pays plus sales tax.
C)costs borne by groups or individuals other than those using the product.
D)actual costs incurred in producing a product.
10
Bill McDonough's principles for reducing impacts on earth in the design and manufacture of products includes
A)elimination of the concept of waste in industrial design.
B)reliance on current solar energy.
C)considering impact on plant, animal, and human life in designing products and processes.
D)all of the above.
11
Goals for an efficient economy from an ecological perspective include all of the following EXCEPT
A)maximizing growth.
B)measuring progress by the percent of industries releasing no nasty pollutants.
C)measuring productivity by the number of people meaningfully employed.
D)valuing biological and cultural diversity.
12
In general as supply increases so too does demand.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
13
Renewable resources are those that can be continuously replenished.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
14
The updated model of the limits to growth suggests that changed public policies actually could produce a sustainable future.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
15
One criticism of cost/benefit analysis is the subjectivity in deciding who should judge the value of a project's costs and benefits.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
16
Ecological economics takes into account social costs as well as environmental costs.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
17
Scarcity can instigate innovation and change in which of the following ways?
A)technical innovations can increase efficiency
B)recycling can become more feasible
C)new exploration techniques can lead to the discovery of more resource reserves
D)all of the above
18
It is thought that market forces will be less effective at minimizing pollution than rigid rules and regulations.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
19
The cap and trade approach ______.
A)Sets upper emissions limits
B)Allows emissions credits to be sold to those who cannot meet their emissions limits
C)Both of the above are true
20
Green businesses voluntarily engage in environmentally friendly practices, which often prove to be ________.
A)a way of maintaining positive employee morale
B)a means of saving money in the long run
C)a way to gain a loyal customer following
D)All of the above
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