Zoology, 8th Edition (Miller)

Chapter 9: Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

Quiz



1.

Multicellular life has been a part of life on earth for approximately ______ years.
A)50 million
B)100 million
C)550 million
D)1.5 billion
2.

The first animals may have arisen from a large multinucleate cell that subsequently formed plasma membranes within the cell to produce a small multicellular organism. This idea is known as the ______ hypothesis.
A)colonial
B)syncytial
C)membrane
D)Precambrian
3.

Which of the following is a fossil formation in British Columbia containing about 20 animal body forms that are not assigned to any modern animal phyla?
A)Burgess Shale
B)Ediacara formation
C)Tommotian formation
D)Gemmule formation
4.

All of the following are characteristic of members of the phylum Porifera except one. Select the exception.
A)asymmetrical
B)three cell types
C)central cavity, or a series of branching chambers, through which water circulates during filter feeding.
D)diploblastic tissue organization
5.

Which of the following cell types is involved with creating water currents during filter feeding of a sponge?
A)pinacocytes
B)choanocytes
C)porocytes
D)mesenchyme cells
6.

Which of the following cell types is involved with secreting skeletal elements of a sponge?
A)pinacocytes
B)choanocytes
C)porocytes
D)ameboid/mesenchymal cells
7.

Which of the following cell types is involved with regulating water movements through a sponge?
A)pinacocytes
B)choanocytes
C)porocytes
D)mesenchyme cells
8.

In an ascon sponge, choanocytes
A)line radial canals that branch off the spongocoel.
B)line the spongocoel directly.
C)are found in flagellated chambers.
D)line incurrent canals.
9.

In a sycon sponge, the body wall appears to be
A)highly folded.
B)thick and perforated by a highly branched canal system.
C)unfolded and not perforated by a branched canal system.
D)a single cell layer thick.
10.

The most complex sponges have a body organization called
A)sycon.
B)leucon.
C)ascon.
D)mycon.
11.

Evolutionarily, members of this phyla are considered the most primitive animals.
A)Ctenophora
B)Cnidaria
C)Porifera
D)Nematoda
12.

All of the following are characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria except one. Select the exception.
A)radial or biradial symmetry
B)nervous system in the form of a nerve net
C)choanocytes used in defense, feeding, and attachment
D)gelatinous mesoglea located between epidermal and gastrodermal tissue layers
13.

In the life cycle of a member of the class Hydrozoa, for example Obelia,
A)the polyp stage is always predominant.
B)the medusa stage is always predominant.
C)the medusa and polyp are both usually present.
D)nematocysts are absent.
14.

Members of the class Scyphozoa include
A)anemones.
B)corals.
C)Hydra.
D)jellyfish.
15.

This is the only class of Cnidarians that possesses solid polyp tentacles.
A)Hydrozoa
B)Scyphozoa
C)Anthozoa
D)Cubozoa
16.

The largest and most prominent stage in the life cycle of most members of the class Scyphozoa is the
A)medusa.
B)planula.
C)polyp.
D)ephyra.
17.

The class of Cnidaria that includes anemones is
A)Hydrozoa.
B)Scyphozoa.
C)Anthozoa.
D)Calcarea.
18.

Members of this class of Cnidarians develop from benthic planula larvae, lack the medusa stage, and have eight tentacles surrounding the mouth.
A)Hydrozoa
B)Staurozoa
C)Scyphozoa
D)Cubozoa
19.

Most of the history of multicellular life on earth has been one of extinction rather than the origin of new kinds of animal life.
A)True
B)False
20.

Members of the class Scyphozoa have life histories in which the medusa stage is produced asexually from the strobila.
A)True
B)False
21.

Ancestral members of the phylum Porifera were the first animals to possess embryological tissue layers.
A)True
B)False
22.

The coelom of cnidarians functions in digestion, the exchange of respiratory gases, and discharge of gametes.
A)True
B)False
23.

Cells are never present in the mesoglea of cnidarians.
A)True
B)False
24.

Cnidocytes produce nematocysts that are discharged on stimulation of a cnidocil. Cnidocytes are produced only in members of the phylum Cnidaria.
A)True
B)False
25.

In many members of the class Hydrozoa, the gonozooid is a reproductive polyp that produces medusae by budding.
A)True
B)False
26.

Some members of the class Cubozoa have nematocysts that are dangerous to humans.
A)True
B)False
27.

Hydrozoan polyps have mesenteries that bear nematocysts, a mouth that leads to a pharynx, and a mesoglea containing ameboid mesenchyme cells.
A)True
B)False
28.

Some members of the class Anthozoa are monoecious. In these animals, the male gametes often mature before the female gametes, thus preventing self-fertilization. This condition is called protandry.
A)True
B)False
29.

Some anthozoans live in a mutualistic relationship with protists called zooxanthellae and are largely responsible for the formation of coral reefs.
A)True
B)False
30.

Adult ctenophorans possess bilateral symmetry.
A)True
B)False
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