1.
__________ is the loss of heat from a surface as water molecules escape in the form of a gas.A) Conduction B) Convection C) Evaporation D) Radiation 2.
Animals cope with temperature fluctuations byA) occupying a place in the environment where the temperature remains constant and compatible with their physiological processes. B) adapting their physiological processes to the range of temperatures in which the animals are capable of living. C) generating heat and trapping heat internally to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment temperature. D) all of the above (a-c). 3.
In general, reptiles, fishes, and amphibians areA) endotherms. B) ectotherms. C) homeotherms. D) all of the above (a-c). 4.
Which of the following animals are capable of endothermy?A) snakes B) bumblebees C) beetles D) toads 5.
A state of summer dormancy in which breathing rates and metabolism decrease is calledA) hibernation. B) torpor. C) estivation. D) conduction. 6.
At night, hummingbirds enter a sleep-like state calledA) estivation. B) hibernation. C) daily torpor. D) sleep depravation. 7.
In order to lose heat, birdsA) pant. B) utilize gular flutter. C) sleep. D) both a and b. 8.
The hormonal triggering of heat production is calledA) nonshivering thermogenesis. B) shivering thermogenesis. C) gular flutter. D) panting. 9.
A specialized type of fat found in newborn mammals, in mammals that live in cold climates, and in mammals that hibernate, is called __________ fat.A) red B) brown C) yellow D) green 10.
Badgers, bears, and opossums __________ during winter months in cold climates.A) hibernate B) estivate C) enter prolonged sleep D) enter torpor 11.
If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium in which an animal is living, the animals are termed anA) osmoregulator. B) osmoconformer. C) osmotolerant. D) osmoresistant. 12.
Contractile vacuoles are found inA) protozoa and sponges. B) metazoan invertebrates. C) vertebrates. D) all of the above (a-c). 13.
MetanephridiaA) open to the outside of an animal. B) open internally to the body fluids. C) are multicellular. D) all of the above (a-c). 14.
Antennal or green glands are found inA) crayfish and crabs. B) isopods. C) insects. D) molluscs. 15.
Where would you look for coxal glands?A) in spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites B) in crayfish and crabs C) in vertebrates D) in sponges 16.
The __________ appears only briefly in many vertebrate embryos.A) pronephros B) mesonephros C) metanephros D) protonephros 17.
Most adult teleost fishes have __________ kidneys.A) pronephric B) mesonephric C) metanephric D) polynephric 18.
Reptiles, birds, and mammals all possess _________ kidneys.A) pronephric B) mesonephric C) metanephric D) polynephric 19.
The functional unit of the metanephric kidney is theA) countercurrent exchange mechanism. B) nephron. C) glomerulus. D) loop of the nephron. 20.
The _____________ runs between the mammalian kidney and the bladder.A) urethra B) ureter C) nephridium D) nephron 21.
Ectotherms generally obtain heat from their environment.A) True B) False 22.
Heterotherms have a relatively constant body temperature.A) True B) False 23.
Thermogenesis involves shivering, enzymatic activity, brown fat, and high cellular metabolism.A) True B) False 24.
Entering a state of torpor is limited to certain small endotherms.A) True B) False 25.
The adenohypophysis is another term for the thyroid gland.A) True B) False 26.
Freshwater animals tend to gain ions and lose water.A) True B) False 27.
By a variety of mechanisms, marine vertebrates tend to take in ions from the seawater and to lose water.A) True B) False 28.
Desert and marine reptiles and birds have salt glands to remove and secrete excess salt (NaCl).A) True B) False 29.
The majority of the loop of the nephron and the collecting duct are in the kidney cortex.A) True B) False 30.
Sharks and their relatives (skates and rays) have mesonephric kidneys.A) True B) False