1 Which of the following scenarios would best be explained by the prototype model of concept structures?A) determining whether something is a car if it has four wheels B) determining whether something is a fish if it swims in the water C) determining whether something is a flower if it is similar to a rose D) determining whether something is a cat if it can run 2 In comparing a computer to the human brain, the computer's hardware is like _____ and the computer's software is like _____.A) cognition, the brain B) the brain, cognition C) sensation, perception D) perception, sensation 3 Rose believes that being involved in a plane crash is more likely than being involved in an automobile crash. Which of the following errors has Rose made?A) confirmation bias B) hindsight bias C) fundamental attribution error D) availability heuristic 4 Focusing on information that supports your beliefs and discounting information that contradicts your beliefs is an example ofA) confirmation bias. B) hindsight bias. C) the fundamental attribution error. D) the availability heuristic. 5 Trying the same technique repeatedly to solve a problem is calledA) subgoaling. B) heuristics. C) deductive reasoning. D) fixation. 6 Which of the following are characteristic of creative thinkers?A) inner motivation B) functional fixedness C) fixation D) availability heuristic 7 In order to develop _____ for a test, the test should be given to a large, representative group of people of various ages, races, sexes, and geographic locations.A) validity B) reliability C) norms D) mental age 8 If an adult is 20 years old and her mental age is 30, what is her IQ?A) 15 B) 67 C) 100 D) 150 9 If an intelligence test asks questions that would more likely be familiar to a person living in a city than to a person living in the country, the test isA) reliable. B) valid. C) culturally biased. D) unstandardized. 10 A person diagnosed as mentally retarded as a child is able to function within society as an adult. What type of mental retardation does this person likely have?A) organic retardation B) pervasive mental retardation C) extensive mental relation D) cultural-familial retardation 11 What type of intelligence would likely be strongest for an engineer who designs bridges?A) verbal B) naturalist C) bodily-kinesthetic D) spatial 12 According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what type of intelligence would be needed to calculate a mathematical problem?A) practical B) mathematical C) creative D) analytical 13 Consider the word driving . The d sound is known as a _____, while the suffix -ing is known as a _____.A) morpheme, phoneme B) phoneme, morpheme C) semantic, syntax D) syntax, semantic 14 Which of the following statements is supported by the theories of Benjamin Whorf?A) Intelligence is multifaceted and people have different levels of each type of intelligence. B) The more words an individual has to describe an object or event, the easier it will be for him or her to think about it. C) Standardized intelligence tests tend to be culturally biased. D) Individuals determine whether an object is part of a category by comparing it to an object typical of that category. 15 The sentence, "The tablecloth asked her dog to type the dishes," containsA) correct syntax but incorrect semantics. B) correct semantics but incorrect syntax. C) morphemes but not phonemes. D) phonemes but not morphemes. 16 Noam Chomsky's assertion that humans are designed for language acquisition is supported by which of the following?A) All humans speak. B) Language rules are similar from culture to culture. C) Children from different cultures develop language at about the same age and in the same order. D) Parents from all cultures speak to their infants. 17 A college student and a billionaire both lose a $100 bill. The student is stressed by this event, but the billionaire is not. These two individuals are in the _____ stage of the stress and coping process.A) primary appraisal B) secondary appraisal C) emotion-focused coping D) problem-focused coping 18 A student has an exam in the morning and is quite stressed about how he will perform. The night before, he attempts to lessen his stress by drinking many beers. In what type of coping is the student engaging?A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) primary appraisal D) secondary appraisal 19 Which of the following would be an example of using approach coping to deal with an upcoming job interview?A) exercise B) praying C) meditation D) practicing possible interview questions 20 How are experts different from novices?A) Experts are more intelligent. B) Experts are good at a range of activities, while novices are only good at one or two activities. C) Experts use better problem-solving strategies than novices. D) Experts tend to be older.