The West in the World, 4th Edition (Sherman)

Chapter 21: Modern Life and the Culture of Progress

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Steel production was cheapened by the discovery of
A)the Krupp steelworks.
B)the Bessemer processes.
C)the railroad.
D)electricity.
2
The invention of the internal combustion engine led to the development of the
A)telegraph.
B)telephone.
C)automobile.
D)railroad.
3
In the newly competitive world of business, capitalists united their businesses into huge combinations that commanded markets, prices, and wages and were called
A)corporations.
B)trusts or cartels.
C)stocks.
D)department stores.
4
Some middle-class women were able to get out of the home by
A)joining professional associations.
B)engaging in philanthropic activities, such as those against alcohol or prostitution.
C)working in factories, for example as seamstresses.
D)attending prominent European universities.
5
The first modern Olympic games were held in 1896 in Athens, a reflection of the general sentiment of the modern age that
A)sports built character values needed in industry and the military.
B)Greece should finally be welcomed into the community of nation-states.
C)sporting events would generate enormous revenues for big business.
D)classicism was back in style.
6
More than ever before, families began to
A)record moments of private life.
B)doubt the value of retreating into the home.
C)utilize servants in their homes.
D)encourage women to work outside the home.
7
The best way to describe middle-class British attitudes toward sexuality at this time would be as
A)Victorian morality.
B)bohemian.
C)Freudian.
D)old-fashioned.
8
The apparent growth in psychic stress at this time was reflected in all of the following EXCEPT
A)alcoholism.
B)the emergence of psychoanalysis.
C)the increasing numbers of patients in insane asylums.
D)impressionism.
9
As the naturalist on board the Beagle, Charles Darwin made his most important discoveries leading to the theory of evolution in
A)the Arctic region.
B)South America and the Galapagos Islands.
C)Africa.
D)the Himalayas.
10
Darwin's theory of evolution evoked most controversy after he
A)tried to apply it to all human behavior.
B)argued that humans also evolved from a more primitive species.
C)claimed evolution was incompatible with religion.
D)asserted that selective breeding, or eugenics, could improve the human race.
11
In 1870, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev discovered
A)the conditioned reflex.
B)that the atom was made up of smaller particles.
C)the Periodic Table.
D)antiseptics.
12
Louis Pasteur contributed to the effort to fight disease by developing
A)the germ theory.
B)a vaccine for the bacteria that caused tuberculosis and cholera.
C)the thermometer.
D)the X-ray.
13
Joseph Lister helped to advance the field of surgery by
A)employing the use of nurses during procedures.
B)administering morphine to patients.
C)using white surgical facemasks and rubber gloves.
D)using antiseptics during operations.
14
The focus on the methods of science and the realities of urban life, both positive and negative, during the second half of the nineteenth century was paralleled in the arts by
A)romanticism.
B)classicism.
C)realism.
D)impressionism.
15
The Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky focused on psychological and moral realities in his novel
A)A Doll's House.
B)Middlemarch.
C)The Old Curiosity Shop.
D)Crime and Punishment.
16
The impressionist painters
A)rejected modern urban life.
B)tried to realistically portray the lower classes.
C)embraced modern life.
D)injected themes of pessimism and painful introspection into their works.
17
The growing feeling of uncertainty that was creeping into scientific circles about the possibility of understanding the physical world was epitomized in physics in the work of
A)Max Plank.
B)Albert Einstein.
C)Ivan Pavlov.
D)Robert Koch.
18
Psychoanalysis, or "the scientific method by which the unconscious can be studied," was founded by
A)Henri Bergson.
B)Friedrich Nietzsche.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Emile Durkheim.
19
According to Nietzsche, a superior society would only emerge
A)through the efforts of gifted individuals who arose to leadership through superior strength, intelligence, and "the will to power."
B)when all governing institutions were crafted according to true liberalism.
C)when all nationalities had their own states.
D)once all wealth was distributed equally.
20
When the ballet ________ by Stravinsky premiered in Paris in 1913, the audience rose in outrage
A)The Doll House.
B)The Rite of Spring.
C)Swan Lake.
D)The Scream.
21
During the period from 1850 to 1914, there were also massive advances in transportation that served to bind all parts of the world more closely together. Which specific advance did the most to help shorten the travel time between Europe and Asia?
A)the Suez Canal
B)the railroad
C)the Panama Canal
D)the automobile
22
During the second period of industrialization, 1850 to 1914, some of the world's powers surged ahead, and others began to lag behind. Which of the following nations had lost the most ground industrially by 1914 compared to its position in 1850?
A)Germany
B)the United States
C)Japan
D)Britain
Sherman: The West in the World, Fourth Edition
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