History of the Modern World, 10th Edition (Palmer)

Chapter 20: Democracy and Dictatorship in the 1930's

Primary Sources, Maps and Images

CI. The United States: Depression and New Deal

• [Image President Herbert Hoover]
• [Image Franklin Delano Roosevelt]
• [Image WPA project, Tuskegee, Alabama, 1936]
• [Image Public works: Roosevelt dam, Arizona]
• [Image Civilian Conservation Corps]
• [Primary Source President Roosevelt, Presidential Statement on National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933]
• [Image National Recovery Administration poster]
• [Image Tennessee Valley Authority powerhouse at Tupelo, Mississippi]
• [Primary Source Abraham Epstein, Social Security under the New Deal, 1935]
• [Primary Source National Labor Relations Board]
• [Image Sit-down strike by United Auto Workers, Flint, 1937]

CII. Trials and Adjustments of Democracy in Britain and France

1. British Politics: The 1920s and the Depression

2. Unemployment "dole"

3. coal-mining industry
• [Image Coal Mine]

4. 1918 Labour committed to a program of socialism
• [Primary Source Zinoviev letter]

5. Election of May 1929 Unemployment to 3 million

6. National government Election of 1931
• [Image 1929 Election ]
• [Image Pamphlet on unemployment crisis ]
• [Image Election of 1931]

7. Britain and the Commonwealth: Imperial Relations
• [Primary Source British Mandate for Palestine]
• Ireland--Rebellion against the British in 1916 Sinn Fein
• [Image British soldiers fighting Irish rebels, 1916 ]
• [Image Sinn Fein Members of Parliament, 1919 ]
• [Primary Source Constitution of the Irish Free State, 1922]
• [Map Ulster and Eire]
• [Primary Source Statute of Westminster of 1931]

8. France: The 1920s and the Coming of the Depression
• [Image Edouard Herriot
• [Image Raymond Poincare]
• [Image Strike in France]

9. Depression Ferment and the Popular Front
• [Image Croix de Feu march, 1934
• [Image Stavisky Riots of February 1934
• Popular Front
• [Primary Source Leon BlumPopular Front ]
• [Image Leon Blum]

10. The Popular Front and After
• Nationwide wave of "sit-down strikes"
• Enormous growth in trade union membership
• [Image Edouard Daladier]
• Unsuccessful general strike in 1938

11. Western Europe and the Depression

CIII. Italian Fascism

• [Image Benito Mussolini]
• [Primary Source Benito Mussolini, What is Fascism, 1932]
• [Image fascio di combattimento]
• [Image Blackshirts ]
• [Image Squadristi]
• [Image March on Rome, 1922]

1. Mussolini was named premier
• [Image Cartoon associating Mussolini with murder of Matteotti]
• [Image] Lateran accord in 1929
• [Image] Poster, Confederazione Nazionale Fascista degli Agricoltori, 1934
• [Image] Fascism as national revival

CIV. Totalitarianism: Germany's Third Reich

1. The Rise of Adolf Hitler
• [Image Adolf Hitler]
• [Image Hitler as German soldier in WWI ]

2. In German army WW1
• [Image National Socialist German Workers' party]
• [Image Free corps, Berlin 1920]
• [Image Kapp putsch of 1920]
• [Image Brownshirts or Storm Troopers]
• [Image Walter Rathenau]
• [Image Matthias Erzberger]
• [Image Beer hall putsch in Munich, 1923]
• [Image Mein Kampf]
• [Image General Ludendorff]
• [Image German unemployment chart]
• [Image German workers 1929]
• [Image Our Last Hope: Hitler: Nazi poster, 1932 presidential election]
• [Primary Source Hitler's anti-Semitism]
• [Image Franz von Papen]
• [Image General Kurt von Schleicher]
• [Image Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of the German Republic, 1933]
• [Image Hitler's First Cabinet]
• [Primary Source Bruno Heilig, Why the German Republic Fell, 1938]

3. The Nazi State
4. [Image] Two German Jewish families, 1928
5. [Image] Flyer,“Attention Jew, Visit Forbidden,” pasted on doctor's sign
6. [Primary Source] Nuremberg laws, 1935
7. [Image] Dachau Concentration camp
8. [Primary Source Nazi youth movement]
9. [Image Youth Serves the Fuhrer]

9. Public works program
• [Image Autobahn]
• [Image Rearmament program: Battleship Scharnhorst]
• [Image Poster, Your Strength Through Joy car]

10. Totalitarianism: Some Origins and Consequences
• [Primary Source Hymn to Stalin]
• [Primary Source Oath to Adolf Hitler]
• [Image Nazi sculpture: The Party and The Army, by Arno Breker]
• [Image German soldiers marching past Breker's sculpture]
• [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, Knowledge and Propaganda, 1928]
• [Image Goebbels with Hitler and Goering]
• [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, The Jew]
• [Images Anti-Semitic caricatures from Der Sturmer, 1928-1931]
• [Image Nazi appeal to violence]
• [Image Investiture of Reich Church Bishop, 1933]
• [Primary Source Barmen Declaration, 1934]
• [Image Poster, Hitler Youth]
• [Image Hitler Youth weapons training]
• [Image Nazi athletics]
• [Primary Source Improving the German Aryan Breed, 1933]
• [Primary Source Order Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia, October 1939]
• [Primary Source Cardinal Clemens von Galen, Sermon against Nazi euthanasia, 1941]
• [Image Nazi rally]

11. The Spread of Dictatorship
• [Image Antonio Salazar]
• [Image General Franco]