 |
| 1 | |
While sociology studies __________, social psychology focuses on __________. |
| | A) | people in groups and societies; individuals |
| | B) | societies; groups |
| | C) | how individuals affect each other; differences among individuals |
| | D) | society; behaviour |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
When Pavati attended a convention recently, she behaved in a manner that seemed totally out of character for her. Social psychologists would likely attribute her inconsistent behaviour to |
| | A) | previously inhibited personal attitudes. |
| | B) | her repressed personality. |
| | C) | deeply rooted biological factors. |
| | D) | social influences. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
As a social psychologist, Waban will most likely be aware that |
| | A) | social psychology is a collection of findings about social behaviour. |
| | B) | social psychologists are highly objective. |
| | C) | social psychologists are influenced by their values. |
| | D) | values are more likely to differ across cultures than over time. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
"Aha!" declared Robert. "I knew all along that better educated soldiers suffer fewer adjustment problems than less educated soldiers." Robert is exhibiting what bias? |
| | A) | Foresight bias |
| | B) | Hindsight bias |
| | C) | Self-serving bias |
| | D) | Confirmation bias |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Researchers hypothesize that people who drive SUVs are bullies. Researchers set up a hidden camera by a four-point stop sign and observe what kind of car/driver is more likely to stop fully and/or not yield to the other driver's right-of-way. What kind of study is this? |
| | A) | a laboratory experiment |
| | B) | field research |
| | C) | a case study |
| | D) | a correlational study |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Researchers examined the effects of the number of bystanders on people's likelihood of helping a stranger in distress. Either alone or in the company of others, a subject witnessed an individual in need of help. Researchers then measured how likely the subject was to help the distressed individual. In this example, the number of bystanders would be the |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | random variable. |
| | D) | confounding variable. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Researchers were interested in the relationship between the amount of aggressive media watched and observable acts of aggressive behaviour by children towards others. They separated subjects into three groups: group one watched 5 hours a week of aggressive media; group two watched 10 hours a week of aggressive media; and group three watched 15 hours of aggressive media. Researchers then polled the parents or teachers on the child's observable aggressive behaviour. In this example, aggressive behaviour would be what kind of variable? |
| | A) | Independent variable |
| | B) | Dependent variable |
| | C) | Random variable |
| | D) | Confounding variable |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Mary and Steve were getting divorced. What does the fact that each attributed most of their marital problems to the other demonstrate? |
| | A) | Self-concerns motivate social behaviour. |
| | B) | Social relationships help define who we are. |
| | C) | Self-interest colours our social judgment. |
| | D) | We tend to believe that our emotions can be easily read by others. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
What do minority groups often attend to when defining themselves? |
| | A) | Similarities between themselves and the majority group. |
| | B) | The way they are presented in the media as the primary guide to their identity. |
| | C) | Differences between themselves and the majority group. |
| | D) | The similarities they have with other minority groups. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Reginald is waiting to write an exam with a bunch of other students, he is so anxious about the exam he feels sick. Furthermore, he feels everyone must be able to tell how anxious he is, which makes him more embarrassed. What is Reginald displaying? |
| | A) | Illusion of transparency |
| | B) | Illusion of control |
| | C) | The looking-glass self phenomenon |
| | D) | Narcissism |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
You graduated from high school with a 3.8 GPA and always considered yourself smarter than most people. But now that you're at university, you are finding out that many students also had 3.8 GPAs. You feel less intelligent as the semesters go by. This is due to which of the following? |
| | A) | Social identity |
| | B) | The social comparison effect |
| | C) | Self-reference effects |
| | D) | The looking-glass self-phenomenon |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Donna and Lori were best friends from second grade until they entered high school. One day, Donna decided that Lori was too plain and making her look bad by comparison. As such, Donna cut ties with Lori, unwilling to have a friend who might damage her reputation. What is Donna displaying? |
| | A) | The social comparison effect |
| | B) | Translational reactionism |
| | C) | Narcissism |
| | D) | Relational transitionism |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Dan is a dealer in a casino. He notices that at dice tables people often insist on throwing the dice themselves. What social psychological principle has Dan noticed? |
| | A) | The availability heuristic |
| | B) | The planning fallacy |
| | C) | Illusion of transparency |
| | D) | Illusion of control |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Jessica earned an A on her first midterm and told people that she studied hard and deserved the grade. But on her second midterm, she received a D. She told people that she received this score because she was up late socializing, her roommate woke her up early, and she felt sick. What is Jessica demonstrating? |
| | A) | High self-monitoring |
| | B) | The actor/observer effect |
| | C) | The fundamental attribution error |
| | D) | The self-serving bias |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
A student is told to give a speech in favour of the death penalty. After the speech, the class is informed that the speaker was told to present only that side (in favour) of the issue. Even so, students overwhelmingly believed that the speaker believed in the death penalty. This illustrates what phenomenon? |
| | A) | The actor/observer effect |
| | B) | The self-serving bias |
| | C) | The fundamental attribution error |
| | D) | Correspondence |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Which of the following is true about subliminal stimuli? |
| | A) | They can be processed by system 1 or system 2 |
| | B) | They can be processed by system 1 |
| | C) | They can be processed by system 2 |
| | D) | They are pseudoscience and cannot actually affect judgement |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
If Lisa waited to meet a date in a cold room, she would probably perceive them to be less likable than if she had waited in a warm room. What phenomenon explains this? |
| | A) | The suspicious schema |
| | B) | Anchoring |
| | C) | Priming |
| | D) | The foot-in-the-door technique |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
On the first day of class, Larry is asked to write down the grade he expected to receive on his first midterm. He and most of his classmates write down an A. But, on the first midterm, Larry received a C. What does this demonstrate? |
| | A) | The fundamental attribution error |
| | B) | Bad grading |
| | C) | The self-serving bias |
| | D) | The self-fulfilling prophecy |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Andrew looked over the syllabus for his social psychology class and determined that he would have plenty of time to complete his paper if he started writing after the first midterm. As the final week of class drew near, he realized he had been wrong, as his paper was not done yet. Andrew's behaviour demonstrates |
| | A) | the self-serving bias. |
| | B) | the planning fallacy. |
| | C) | rosy retrospection. |
| | D) | hindsight. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Jeff is tall and thin, at 1.95m. He rolls his eyes every time someone asks him if he is a student athlete on the men's basketball team. Just because he is tall, people assume he is a basketball player. What does this demonstrate? |
| | A) | The availability heuristic |
| | B) | Counterfactual thinking |
| | C) | The representativeness heuristic |
| | D) | An illusory correlation |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
If someone cuts you off in traffic you are most likely to attribute that person's behaviour to __________; if you cut someone else off, you are most likely to attribute your behaviour to__________. |
| | A) | dispositional factors; dispositional factors |
| | B) | dispositional factors; situational factors |
| | C) | situational factors; dispositional factors |
| | D) | situational factors; situational factors |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
What is one way to determine if someone really cares about the environment? |
| | A) | Ask how they intend to vote |
| | B) | Ask them about their attitude |
| | C) | See what political party they belong to |
| | D) | Look at what kind of car they chose to purchase |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
If you are paid $20 to lie to someone versus $1 to tell the same lie to someone, you are less likely to experience cognitive dissonance. Why? |
| | A) | The overjustification effect |
| | B) | The insufficient justification effect |
| | C) | The insufficient funds effect |
| | D) | The underjustification effect |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
Which of the following best describes the interplay between behaviour and attitudes? |
| | A) | Attitudes predict behaviour |
| | B) | Attitudes do not follow behaviour |
| | C) | Behaviour follows attitudes |
| | D) | Attitudes can predict behaviour but behaviour can change attitudes |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Elif asks Fatma if she'd go with her to the store real quick. Fatma agrees, but after picking up some things, Elif says she wants to run three more errands. Reluctantly, Fatma complies. Which technique did Elif use? |
| | A) | The go-along-get-along technique |
| | B) | The door-in-the-face technique |
| | C) | The foot-in-the-door technique |
| | D) | The low-ball technique |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Six-year-old Billy enjoys drawing with coloured pencils. One day his teacher says she is going to reward him for using the pencils, and she does. What would explain why Billy no longer seems to enjoy using coloured pencils? |
| | A) | the insufficient justification effect |
| | B) | the overjustification effect |
| | C) | self-affirmation theory |
| | D) | cognitive dissonance theory |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
The process of persuasion that involves "the opinion leaders" disseminating information to their expanded social network is referred to as |
| | A) | the two-step-flow of communication. |
| | B) | the sure-step flow of communication. |
| | C) | the media-infusion effect. |
| | D) | the mainstream-flow of communication. |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
You go out to dinner with three of your good friends, who all order dessert. When the waiter gets to you, even though you are dieting, you order dessert. Why? |
| | A) | Conformity |
| | B) | Compliance |
| | C) | Obedience |
| | D) | Persuasion |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
The "teacher/learner" paradigm, which has been extensively used by researchers to investigate a variety of phenomena, was used by who? |
| | A) | Asch to investigate conformity. |
| | B) | Milgram to investigate obedience. |
| | C) | Bandura to investigate social learning theory. |
| | D) | Zimbardo to investigate the power of the situation. |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Milgram's study was criticized for |
| | A) | being unscientific. |
| | B) | not producing any useable data. |
| | C) | being unethical. |
| | D) | not furthering the understanding of human behaviour. |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
Groups often reject people who consistently deviate from social roles. These people appear to be unaffected by which form of influence? |
| | A) | Proximal |
| | B) | Normative |
| | C) | Informational |
| | D) | Qualitative |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
If your parents tell you that you can't drink until you are 19 years old, you may well go out drinking before then. Psychologists refer to this as |
| | A) | repression. |
| | B) | catharsis. |
| | C) | reactance. |
| | D) | reaction formation. |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
Tim must make a persuasive speech for one of his classes. Considering the primacy effect, when should he volunteer to make his speech? |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | last |
| | C) | in the middle |
| | D) | second from the end |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
Social psychologists are most likely to study persuasion using |
| | A) | field studies. |
| | B) | brief, controlled experiments. |
| | C) | correlational studies. |
| | D) | long, controlled experiments. |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
When people are presented with information, and they are naturally analytical or the information is highly involving, they are likely to be persuaded via the __________ route to persuasion. When people are not engaged with the information, or they tend to make snap judgments, they are more likely persuaded via the __________ route. |
| | A) | peripheral; central |
| | B) | elaborative; peripheral |
| | C) | central; peripheral |
| | D) | central; elaborative |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
Research on persuasion suggests that |
| | A) | people are not generally influenced by attractiveness. |
| | B) | people are not generally influenced by speaker credibility. |
| | C) | people tend to be influenced by speaker likeability. |
| | D) | people are not generally influenced by attractiveness when arguments are emotional. |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
Which of the following messages is NOT likely to be as persuasive as the others? |
| | A) | Messages conveyed by popular and attractive communicators. |
| | B) | Messages that appear to be designed to change our attitudes. |
| | C) | Messages that arouse strong emotions. |
| | D) | Messages presented by communicators who appear to be credible experts. |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
Virginia Cortez is running for public office. Which strategy is most likely to help her win the election? |
| | A) | Repeated media exposure |
| | B) | Passive appeals |
| | C) | Exploiting the recency effect |
| | D) | Massive mailings to registered voters |
|
|
|
| 39 | |
Historically, social facilitation referred |
| | A) | to both improvements and detriments to performance. |
| | B) | only to detriments in performance. |
| | C) | only to improved performance. |
| | D) | to an effect seen only when more than 10 people were present. |
|
|
|
| 40 | |
Zajonc argues that social facilitation leads to arousal which enhances what? |
| | A) | Performance |
| | B) | The dominant response |
| | C) | The submissive response |
| | D) | The self-presentation response |
|
|
|
| 41 | |
When Ingham (1974) told students that they were pulling on a rope alone, or that two to five people behind them were pulling as well, he found that they pulled hardest when |
| | A) | they believed they were pulling with two people. |
| | B) | they believed they were pulling with three people. |
| | C) | they believed they were pulling with four or five people. |
| | D) | they believed they were pulling alone. |
|
|
|
| 42 | |
Marcos will be meeting with a group of his employees to design a sensitive strategy for working with highly confidential information. To avoid problems with groupthink, what should Marcos do? |
| | A) | Encourage critical evaluation |
| | B) | Immediately present his position |
| | C) | Keep the group working together throughout the whole designing process |
| | D) | Discourage input from people outside the group |
|
|
.