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| 1 | |
What is the general term for physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt someone? |
| | A) | violence |
| | B) | hostility |
| | C) | aggression |
| | D) | injury |
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| 2 | |
What is the term for aggression that has the aim of injuring someone and is driven by anger? |
| | A) | premeditated aggression |
| | B) | hostile aggression |
| | C) | instrumental aggression |
| | D) | aggravated aggression |
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| 3 | |
Hockey players often argue that hard checks and even occasional fights are used specifically to protect their star players. This best illustrates which of the following? |
| | A) | premeditated aggression |
| | B) | hostile aggression |
| | C) | instrumental aggression |
| | D) | aggravated aggression |
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| 4 | |
What is the term for the redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration? |
| | A) | frustration shift |
| | B) | disarticulation |
| | C) | catharsis |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 5 | |
According to Leonard Berkowitz, the relationship between frustration and aggression is mediated by this. |
| | A) | size of the prefrontal cortex |
| | B) | levels of testosterone |
| | C) | anger |
| | D) | aggressive cues |
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| 6 | |
What is the term for the perception that you are less well-off than others with whom you compare yourself? |
| | A) | downward social comparison |
| | B) | upward social comparison |
| | C) | relative deprivation |
| | D) | relative deficit |
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| 7 | |
This theory claims that we acquire behaviour by observing those around us. |
| | A) | frustration-aggression |
| | B) | social learning |
| | C) | naturalistic observation |
| | D) | behaviour acquisition |
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| 8 | |
What is the term for the blocking of goal-directed behaviour? |
| | A) | catharsis |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | frustration |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 9 | |
Which early psychological theory of aggression states that when a goal is thwarted, a readiness to aggress will be triggered? |
| | A) | social exchange |
| | B) | frustration- aggression |
| | C) | social-modeling |
| | D) | relative deprivation |
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| 10 | |
What concept best reflects the fact that aggressive energy is not always directed at its source? |
| | A) | prosocial behaviour |
| | B) | social script |
| | C) | catharsis |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 11 | |
The revised version of frustration-aggression theory that was put forth by Berkowitz includes which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | deviance |
| | B) | anger |
| | C) | annoyance |
| | D) | labelling |
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| 12 | |
What is the term for the perception that you are less well-off than others with whom you compare yourself? |
| | A) | downward social comparison |
| | B) | upward social comparison |
| | C) | relative deprivation |
| | D) | relative deficit |
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| 13 | |
This theory claims that we acquire behaviour by observing others and through the receipt of rewards and punishments. |
| | A) | frustration-aggression |
| | B) | social learning |
| | C) | hydraulic model |
| | D) | behaviour acquisition |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following terms describes a reduction in an aggressive drive achieved through a release of energy? |
| | A) | instrumental aggression |
| | B) | catharsis |
| | C) | displacement |
| | D) | deprivation |
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| 15 | |
Sigmund Freud argued that human aggression springs from an inborn self-destructive impulse. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Frustration grows when our motivation to achieve a goal is very strong. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Research shows that catharsis is generally leads to what? |
| | A) | More aggression |
| | B) | Less aggression |
| | C) | No differences in aggression |
| | D) | Emotional tranquility |
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| 18 | |
Frustration can arise as a result of relevant deprivation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
An infant's temperament is not a good predictor of their level of aggression as adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Albert Bandura conducted ground-breaking research on which of the following? |
| | A) | The effects of video games kids place. |
| | B) | The role of social comparison on views toward pornography. |
| | C) | The role of pornography on aggressive behaviour. |
| | D) | The role of social models on aggressive behaviour. |
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| 21 | |
Viewing violence is especially likely to increase violent behaviour for which of the following? |
| | A) | People with lower levels of intelligence. |
| | B) | People with more than three siblings. |
| | C) | People with aggressive tendencies. |
| | D) | People with no prior exposure to violence. |
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| 22 | |
Viewing scenes of ________ increase men's aggression against women. |
| | A) | violent films |
| | B) | masochistic behaviour |
| | C) | sexual harassment |
| | D) | a man overpowering and arousing a woman |
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| 23 | |
The famous "Bobo" doll studies investigated the effects of _____ among children. |
| | A) | gender socialization |
| | B) | lack of supervision |
| | C) | television violence |
| | D) | group play |
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| 24 | |
Viewing violence increases _______. |
| | A) | empathy |
| | B) | violence |
| | C) | frustration |
| | D) | authoritarian tendencies |
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| 25 | |
Violent content on television tends to result in ______. |
| | A) | decreased arousal |
| | B) | no changes in aggressive behaviour |
| | C) | imitation of violence |
| | D) | cathartic reductions of aggression |
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| 26 | |
Exposure to violent pornography increases punitive behaviour toward women. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Violence viewing among 1565 London boys failed to correlate with aggressiveness when third factors such as family size were controlled for. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
A large body of research shows that playing violent video games does, on average, increase aggressive behaviour, thoughts, and feelings. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
This form of aggression provides a means to an end. |
| | A) | instrumental aggression |
| | B) | hostile aggression |
| | C) | aggravated aggression |
| | D) | premeditated aggression |
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| 30 | |
Most murders and acts of road rage are forms of this. |
| | A) | aggravated aggression |
| | B) | premeditated aggression |
| | C) | instrumental aggression |
| | D) | hostile aggression |
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| 31 | |
What is the term for the blocking of goal-directed behaviour? |
| | A) | catharsis |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | frustration |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 32 | |
An employee's feeling of well-being will depend on how his or her salary compares to similar others. This example best describes which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | frustration aggression |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | catharsis |
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| 33 | |
Which of the following would be considered an internal influence on aggression? |
| | A) | Painful incidents |
| | B) | Heat |
| | C) | Crowding |
| | D) | An individual's temperament |
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| 34 | |
The notion that "youngsters should be taught to vent their anger" best illustrates which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | catharsis |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | instrumental aggression |
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| 35 | |
What is the term for behaviour that is innate, universal and unlearned? |
| | A) | reproduction |
| | B) | conditioned |
| | C) | instinctive |
| | D) | displaced |
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| 36 | |
What is the term for the redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration? |
| | A) | frustration shift |
| | B) | disarticulation |
| | C) | catharsis |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 37 | |
According to Leonard Berkowitz, the relationship between frustration and aggression is mediated by this. |
| | A) | size of the prefrontal cortex |
| | B) | levels of testosterone |
| | C) | anger |
| | D) | aggressive cues |
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| 38 | |
A gap between expectations and attainments produces which of the following? |
| | A) | uneasiness |
| | B) | frustration |
| | C) | arousal |
| | D) | aggressive cues |
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| 39 | |
An employee's feeling of well-being will depend on how his or her salary compares to similar others. This example best describes which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | frustration aggression |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | catharsis |
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| 40 | |
Which theory emphasizes the importance of learning by watching others? |
| | A) | social learning |
| | B) | relative deprivation |
| | C) | frustration-aggression |
| | D) | catharsis |
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| 41 | |
Which of the following would NOT be considered an aversive experience that may produce aggression? |
| | A) | Pain |
| | B) | Heat |
| | C) | Overcrowding |
| | D) | Smelling bad eggs |
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| 42 | |
Aggression that provides a means to an end is known as ________. |
| | A) | sadism |
| | B) | hostile aggression |
| | C) | instrumental aggression |
| | D) | justifiable aggression |
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| 43 | |
Freud speculated that human aggression springs from _______. |
| | A) | childhood conflicts |
| | B) | a self-destructive impulse |
| | C) | the oedipal complex |
| | D) | castration anxiety |
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| 44 | |
Auto accidents and dental treatments are considered forms of aggression. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 45 | |
Neural systems in both humans and animals facilitate aggression. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 46 | |
Anticipated rewards and costs influence instrumental aggression. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 47 | |
Instrumental aggression is usually driven by anger. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 48 | |
Viewing a typical pornographic film in which a man overpowers and arouses a woman does NOT lead to which of the following? |
| | A) | Distorted perceptions of how women actually respond to sexual coercion. |
| | B) | Increased male aggression against women. |
| | C) | Desensitization to toward rape scenarios and less sympathy for victims. |
| | D) | Respectful treatment of women. |
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| 49 | |
What is the term for positive, constructive, helpful social behaviour? |
| | A) | assistance |
| | B) | prosocial behaviour |
| | C) | facilitating behaviour |
| | D) | ameliorating behaviour |
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| 50 | |
Which of the following is one of the factors that may make playing a violent video game have a stronger effect on one's aggression than watching violent television? |
| | A) | With game-playing, players are not encouraged to identify with, and play the role of, a violent character. |
| | B) | With game playing, players actively rehearse violence, not just passively watch it. |
| | C) | Video games tend to feature violence much more frequently than television programming. |
| | D) | With game-playing, players are often exposed to much more graphic content than with television watching. |
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| 51 | |
Which of the following is an outcome associated with playing violent videogames? |
| | A) | Increased prosocial behaviour |
| | B) | Decreased overall arousal |
| | C) | Increased aggressive behaviour |
| | D) | Reductions in aggressive behaviour due to "getting one's anger out" |
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| 52 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of playing violent video games? |
| | A) | Increased arousal |
| | B) | Increased aggressive thinking |
| | C) | Increased aggressive behaviour |
| | D) | Increased prosocial behaviour |
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| 53 | |
Findings that link violent media with increased aggression are _____. |
| | A) | only correlational, not causal |
| | B) | causal experiments, but lack real-world applicability |
| | C) | both real-world correlations and causal experiments |
| | D) | sparse and inconsistent |
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| 54 | |
Observing aggressive behaviour _____ and teaches children ways to aggress. |
| | A) | evokes sympathy |
| | B) | evokes empathy |
| | C) | lowers inhibitions |
| | D) | raises inhibitions |
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| 55 | |
Research suggests that the relationship between watching TV violence and aggression results from ______. |
| | A) | exposure to violence on TV, causing more aggression in children |
| | B) | aggressive children being more likely to watch violence on TV |
| | C) | an illusory correlation |
| | D) | a third variable, such as poor parenting practices |
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| 56 | |
Exposure to media violence _____ aggression. |
| | A) | is positively correlated with |
| | B) | causes slight increases in |
| | C) | is negatively correlated with |
| | D) | causes significant increases in |
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| 57 | |
Aggression is when people _____. |
| | A) | use physical or social behaviours to intentionally hurt another |
| | B) | use physical behaviours to intentionally hurt another |
| | C) | hurt another with physical or social behaviours, regardless of intention |
| | D) | hurt another with social behaviours regardless of intention |
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| 58 | |
The more violent the content of a child's TV viewing, the more aggressive the child. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 59 | |
Children's television viewing was found to be a predictor of later criminal activity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 60 | |
The more violent the games played, the bigger the effect. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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