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| 1 | |
At great personal risk, a woman entered an apartment that was engulfed in flames in order to save a child who was trapped inside. This example best illustrates which of the following? |
| | A) | altruism |
| | B) | empathy |
| | C) | compassion |
| | D) | philanthropy |
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| 2 | |
Weighing out the costs and benefits of doing something like donating blood is best explained by which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | empathy |
| | B) | social exchange |
| | C) | altruism |
| | D) | bystander effect |
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| 3 | |
What is the term for an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them? |
| | A) | social-responsibility norm |
| | B) | social exchange |
| | C) | reciprocity norm |
| | D) | genuine altruism |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following terms best captures the belief that people should help those who need help, without regard to future exchanges? |
| | A) | social exchange |
| | B) | empathy |
| | C) | reciprocity norm |
| | D) | social-responsibility norm |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following circumstances has been shown to enhance helpfulness? |
| | A) | Large crowds of onlookers. |
| | B) | Potential helpers being in a hurry. |
| | C) | The victim is similar to a potential helper. |
| | D) | The victim is unattractive. |
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| 6 | |
According to Latané and Darley, what is likely to happen as the number of bystanders at an emergency increases? |
| | A) | Any given bystander will be distracted looking at all the people in the crowd. |
| | B) | Any given bystander is more likely to interpret the incident as a problem or emergency. |
| | C) | Any given bystander is less likely to assume responsibility for taking action. |
| | D) | Any given bystander is less likely to pass up a chance to be perceived as a hero by the group. |
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| 7 | |
The fact that many people heard Kitty Genovese's pleas for help but failed to intervene is best explained by which of the following terms? |
| | A) | social loafing |
| | B) | bystander apathy |
| | C) | the bystander effect |
| | D) | social-responsibility norm |
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| 8 | |
What is the term for a motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests? |
| | A) | helping |
| | B) | altruism |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | compassion |
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| 9 | |
According to this theory, human interactions are guided by the need to minimize costs and maximize rewards. |
| | A) | kin selection |
| | B) | altruism |
| | C) | egoism |
| | D) | social exchange |
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| 10 | |
What is the term for putting oneself in another's shoes? |
| | A) | distress |
| | B) | genuine altruism |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | kin selection |
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| 11 | |
This often accounts for why people fail to interpret an event as an emergency. |
| | A) | group passivity |
| | B) | diffusion of responsibility |
| | C) | no one else was helping |
| | D) | lack of victim distress |
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| 12 | |
Altruism is ______ in reverse. |
| | A) | selflessness |
| | B) | deception |
| | C) | selfishness |
| | D) | truthfulness |
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| 13 | |
Distress is to egoism as ______ is to altruism. |
| | A) | honesty |
| | B) | empathy |
| | C) | sympathy |
| | D) | deception |
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| 14 | |
Men more frequently help __________. |
| | A) | disabled children |
| | B) | the elderly |
| | C) | attractive women |
| | D) | young children |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following does NOT enhance helpfulness? |
| | A) | Living in a small town. |
| | B) | Many people witnessing an accident. |
| | C) | Observing a helpful model. |
| | D) | Not being in a hurry. |
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| 16 | |
The social-responsibility norm reminds us to balance giving and receiving in social relations. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Research indicates that women are likely to offer help equally to both men and women. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Bystander passivity during emergencies can largely be explained by apathy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
The reciprocity norm involves a quick cost-benefit analysis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
A person is less likely to receive help when there are many bystanders than when there are few. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
What is the term for a motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests? |
| | A) | helping |
| | B) | altruism |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | compassion |
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| 22 | |
According to this theory, human interactions are guided by the need to minimize costs and maximize rewards. |
| | A) | kin selection |
| | B) | altruism |
| | C) | egoism |
| | D) | social exchange |
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| 23 | |
According to this concept, the ultimate goal is to increase another's welfare. |
| | A) | altruism |
| | B) | egoism |
| | C) | moral exclusion |
| | D) | empathy |
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| 24 | |
Researchers who include a little gift of money in with a survey are hoping this will encourage a high response rate. Which of the following concepts does this demonstrate? |
| | A) | door-in-the-face |
| | B) | egoism |
| | C) | social-responsibility |
| | D) | reciprocity |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following concepts refers to an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them? |
| | A) | reciprocity norm |
| | B) | social-responsibility norm |
| | C) | moral exclusion |
| | D) | kin selection |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following statements best describes a relationship between gender and helping? |
| | A) | Women are always more likely than men to provide help. |
| | B) | Men and women are equally likely to provide help to a female in need. |
| | C) | Gender has no impact on who helps but does affect who receives help. |
| | D) | Men are more likely than women to help strangers in potentially dangerous situations. |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following is the first step in Latané and Darley's decision tree to helping? |
| | A) | Assuming responsibility |
| | B) | Interpreting the event as an emergency |
| | C) | Noticing the event |
| | D) | Knowing how to implement help |
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| 28 | |
What is the term for the finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other bystanders present? |
| | A) | pluralistic ignorance |
| | B) | bystander effect |
| | C) | moral exclusion |
| | D) | social-responsibility norm |
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| 29 | |
Weighing out the costs and benefits of doing something like donating blood is best explained by which of the following concepts? |
| | A) | empathy |
| | B) | social exchange |
| | C) | altruism |
| | D) | bystander effect |
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| 30 | |
What is the term for the vicarious experience of another's feeling? |
| | A) | Social responsibility |
| | B) | Altruism |
| | C) | Distress |
| | D) | Empathy |
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| 31 | |
In general, helping behaviour can be explained by |
| | A) | rewards, social norms, human goodness. |
| | B) | social norms, human goodness, instincts. |
| | C) | rewards, instincts, human goodness. |
| | D) | rewards, social norms, instincts. |
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| 32 | |
As the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is less likely to ________. |
| | A) | ignore the incident |
| | B) | shirk responsibility |
| | C) | notice the incident |
| | D) | interpret the incident as benign |
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| 33 | |
The empathy that parents feel for their children promotes _______. |
| | A) | resentfulness |
| | B) | mollycoddling |
| | C) | survival of shared genes |
| | D) | natural selection |
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| 34 | |
Helping often increases among those who are _______. |
| | A) | in a bad mood |
| | B) | feeling guilty |
| | C) | atheists |
| | D) | in a hurry |
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| 35 | |
The social-responsibility norm compels us to help those most in need and those most deserving. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 36 | |
Sympathy refers to the vicarious experience of another's feelings. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 37 | |
Women offer help equally to both men and women. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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