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| 1 | |
Which theory includes perceived control over specific behaviour? |
| | A) | self-perception theory |
| | B) | theory of planned behaviour |
| | C) | theory of reasoned action |
| | D) | cognitive dissonance theory |
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| 2 | |
What is the term for a general and enduring evaluation of some person, object, or issue along a continuum from positive to negative. |
| | A) | disposition |
| | B) | attribute |
| | C) | attitude |
| | D) | prejudice |
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| 3 | |
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as what? |
| | A) | door-in-the-face phenomenon |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| | C) | low-balling |
| | D) | insufficient justification |
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| 4 | |
What is the name of the tactic involving compliance with an initial small request that is increased? |
| | A) | low-ball technique |
| | B) | high-ball technique |
| | C) | door-in-the-face technique |
| | D) | tit-for tat |
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| 5 | |
A classic experiment by Festinger and Carlsmith compared attitudes of people who were paid $1 or $20 for lying about their enjoyment of a task. This experiment demonstrates which of the following? |
| | A) | self-awareness |
| | B) | cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | overjustification |
| | D) | self-perception |
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| 6 | |
According to self-perception theory, behaviour shapes attitudes |
| | A) | in self-monitoring people. |
| | B) | in every instance. |
| | C) | when attitudes are strong and consistent. |
| | D) | when we are unsure of our attitudes. |
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| 7 | |
What is the term for the tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions? |
| | A) | false pretenses |
| | B) | insufficient justification |
| | C) | cognitive dissonance |
| | D) | overjustification effect |
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| 8 | |
Why does a small payment for an undesirable task result in more dissonance than a large payment. |
| | A) | Overjustification |
| | B) | Self-presentation |
| | C) | Self-observation |
| | D) | Insufficient justification |
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| 9 | |
Under which of the following conditions are you least likely to feel dissonance? |
| | A) | You have made a difficult decision. |
| | B) | You have harmed a close friend or relative. |
| | C) | You have been given a large incentive for telling a lie. |
| | D) | You have volunteered to say and do undesirable things. |
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| 10 | |
Which theory would claim that we are no better at inferring our own attitudes than an outside observer would be? |
| | A) | self-awareness |
| | B) | self-perception |
| | C) | cognitive dissonance |
| | D) | self-justification |
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| 11 | |
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as what? |
| | A) | door-in-the-face phenomenon |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| | C) | low-balling |
| | D) | insufficient justification |
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| 12 | |
Which theory takes into account our perceived control over a specific behaviour? |
| | A) | Cognitive dissonance theory |
| | B) | Self-perception theory |
| | C) | Theory of Reasoned Action |
| | D) | Theory of Planned Behaviour |
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| 13 | |
Attitudes are most likely to predict action when attitudes specific to behaviour are examined. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Strong attitudes are persistent over time and resistant to change. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
The low-ball technique is a variation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Cognitive dissonance theory best explains our behaviour when we are unsure of our attitudes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)? |
| | A) | Longer response times may be associated with guilt or compassion rather than hostility. |
| | B) | Unlike an aptitude test, the IAT is unreliable for assessing and comparing individuals. |
| | C) | A relative bias doesn't differentiate between a positive bias toward one group or a negative bias against another. |
| | D) | Implicit attitudes cannot be measured because they are subconscious. |
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| 18 | |
Attitudes are most likely to predict behaviour under which condition? |
| | A) | When there are strong situational influences. |
| | B) | When the attitude is general and the behaviour is specific. |
| | C) | When the attitudes include subjective norms and intentions supporting the behaviour. |
| | D) | When the attitude has little power or experiential relevance. |
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| 19 | |
If you want people to do a big favour for you, one technique is to get them to do a smaller favour first. This is known as what? |
| | A) | reciprocity |
| | B) | low-balling |
| | C) | door-in-the-face technique |
| | D) | foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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| 20 | |
This tactic is used by car sales people who quote you an original price for a car and once you commit to that, they increase the price claiming all sorts of things are 'extras.' |
| | A) | counterfactual thinking |
| | B) | high-balling |
| | C) | low-balling |
| | D) | door-in-the-face technique |
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| 21 | |
This theory assumes that we feel tension when two simultaneously accessible thoughts are inconsistent. |
| | A) | fundamental attribution |
| | B) | overjustification |
| | C) | self-perception |
| | D) | cognitive dissonance |
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| 22 | |
Jack regularly lends his notes to a classmate named Susan who he barely knows. Jack later concludes that he must like Susan. Which theory does this example illustrate? |
| | A) | overjustification |
| | B) | cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | self-perception |
| | D) | self-awareness |
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| 23 | |
What is the name of the tactic involving compliance with an initial small request that is increased? |
| | A) | low-ball technique |
| | B) | high-ball technique |
| | C) | door-in-the-face technique |
| | D) | tit-for tat |
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| 24 | |
A classic experiment by Festinger and Carlsmith compared attitudes of people who were paid $1 or $20 for lying about their enjoyment of a task. This experiment demonstrates which of the following? |
| | A) | self-awareness |
| | B) | cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | overjustification |
| | D) | self-perception |
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| 25 | |
This theory suggests that parents should aim to elicit desired behaviour noncoercively, thus motivating children to internalize the proper attitudes. |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance |
| | B) | self-awareness |
| | C) | self-perception |
| | D) | overjustification |
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| 26 | |
According to self-perception theory, when does behaviour shape attitudes? |
| | A) | Behaviour shapes attitudes in every instance. |
| | B) | Behaviour shapes attitudes in self-monitoring people. |
| | C) | Behaviour shapes attitudes when attitudes are strong and consistent. |
| | D) | Behaviour shapes attitudes when attitudes are weak and ambiguous. |
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| 27 | |
In many cases, attitudes follow behaviour. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
According to cognitive dissonance theory, in order to appear consistent, we might, at times, pretend to hold attitudes that are consistent with our actions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as the foot-in-the-mouth phenomenon. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
General and specific attitudes both predict behaviours. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Pretending to hold attitudes we don't hold to look consistent is an example of what? |
| | A) | Self-justification. |
| | B) | Self-perception. |
| | C) | Self-presentation. |
| | D) | Cognitive Dissonance. |
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| 32 | |
What is the term for people's ideas about how men and women should behave? |
| | A) | Gender-role norms. |
| | B) | Sex-role norms. |
| | C) | Gender-schemas. |
| | D) | Gender-rules. |
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