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| 1 | |
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people do which of the following? |
| | A) | Think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
| | B) | Explain others' behavior by attributing it to either internal dispositions or to external situations. |
| | C) | Overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. |
| | D) | Perceive each other and the social environment around them. |
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| 2 | |
In contrast to a sociologist, a social psychologist does which of the following? |
| | A) | A social psychologist focuses more on broader societal trends. |
| | B) | A social psychologist focuses more on the impact of factors such as culture on group level outcomes. |
| | C) | A social psychologist deals more with the individual within the group and how outside factors affect the individual. |
| | D) | A social psychologist is more likely to use survey methods to track changes in attitudes toward a minority group over time. |
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| 3 | |
Compared with personality psychology, social psychology does which of the following? |
| | A) | Social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals and more on broader societal trends. |
| | B) | Social psychology focuses less on group differences and more on the impact of factors such as culture on group level outcomes. |
| | C) | Social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another. |
| | D) | Social psychology is more likely to use survey methods to track changes in attitudes toward a minority group over time. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following questions is a social psychologist most likely to ask? |
| | A) | How does socio-economic status affect the likelihood of achieving a university degree? |
| | B) | How and what do people think about one another? |
| | C) | What broad societal trends might be impacting on this group of people? |
| | D) | How do brain structures impact on our ability to perceive information? |
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| 5 | |
Which concept is best illustrated by the statement: Children will behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game than a non-violent one? |
| | A) | a theory |
| | B) | the hindsight bias |
| | C) | attribution |
| | D) | a hypothesis |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is not something that a good theory does? |
| | A) | It effectively summarizes a wide range of observations. |
| | B) | It makes clear predictions. |
| | C) | It can generate new exploration and suggest practical applications. |
| | D) | It conforms to the researchers' assumptions and values. |
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| 7 | |
What is the definition of hindsight bias? |
| | A) | It is the tendency to explain others' behaviour by attributing it to either internal dispositions or external situations. |
| | B) | It is the tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable behaviours. |
| | C) | It is the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. |
| | D) | It is the tendency to perceive and present oneself favourably. |
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| 8 | |
What is the term for an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events? |
| | A) | proposition |
| | B) | correlation |
| | C) | thesis |
| | D) | theory |
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| 9 | |
Which statement best describes what social psychology teaches us in relation to common sense? |
| | A) | Common sense is the same thing as social psychological insight. |
| | B) | Common sense is usually right after the fact. |
| | C) | Common sense is always predictably wrong. |
| | D) | Social psychology simply formalizes what common sense already tells us. |
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| 10 | |
What is the process of operationalization? |
| | A) | Generating testable hypotheses. |
| | B) | Building a theory. |
| | C) | Effectively summarizing many observations. |
| | D) | Translating theoretical variables into observable variables. |
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| 11 | |
Personality psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Social psychologists focus on societal trends and the impact of factors such as culture and socio-economic status on group-level outcomes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
A hypothesis is a testable proposition that described a relationship that might exist between events. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The problem with common sense is that we tend to invoke it after we know the facts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
This type of research assesses whether two or more factors are naturally associated. |
| | A) | Experimental |
| | B) | Correlational |
| | C) | Observational |
| | D) | Ethnographic |
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| 16 | |
When two variables are correlated, how many causal explanations are possible? |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | an infinite number |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is a correct interpretation for a correlation of -.89? |
| | A) | weak positive |
| | B) | moderate negative |
| | C) | strong negative |
| | D) | strong positive |
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| 18 | |
Social psychological research can take place in an everyday setting know as this. |
| | A) | lab |
| | B) | field |
| | C) | correlational setting |
| | D) | research area |
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| 19 | |
In an experiment, children are exposed to violent and non-violent television programs in order to see how violence on television affects aggressive behaviour. Aggressive behaviour is which of the following types of variables? |
| | A) | dependent |
| | B) | independent |
| | C) | control |
| | D) | predictor |
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| 20 | |
This is considered the 'great equalizer' in an experiment. |
| | A) | random selection |
| | B) | Control |
| | C) | random assignment |
| | D) | generalization |
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| 21 | |
Social psychological research tends to rely more heavily on this type of research method. |
| | A) | correlational |
| | B) | experimental |
| | C) | observational |
| | D) | ethnographic |
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| 22 | |
Creating an experiment that is very "life-like" refers to this form of realism. |
| | A) | informed |
| | B) | psychological |
| | C) | experimental |
| | D) | mundane |
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| 23 | |
What ethical principle necessitates telling participants about the experiment? |
| | A) | debriefing |
| | B) | confidentiality |
| | C) | anonymity |
| | D) | informed consent |
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| 24 | |
The greatest strength of correlational research is what? |
| | A) | It is much cheaper than experimental research. |
| | B) | It can determine causal relationships. |
| | C) | It tends to occur in real-world settings. |
| | D) | It is widely used in social psychology. |
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| 25 | |
The essential ingredients for an experiment are what? |
| | A) | random selection and random assignment. |
| | B) | random selection and control. |
| | C) | random assignment and control. |
| | D) | random assignment and a representative sample. |
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| 26 | |
A measure that gives us the same answer over and over again is |
| | A) | valid. |
| | B) | redundant. |
| | C) | reliable. |
| | D) | unreactive. |
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| 27 | |
Informed consent requires that you must |
| | A) | provide the participants with sufficient information to enable them to decide to participate in the study. |
| | B) | provide the participants with the hypotheses and rationale of the study. |
| | C) | answer the participants' questions honestly and openly. |
| | D) | keep any data that the participant provides private and confidential. |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following correlation coefficients is the strongest? |
| | A) | 0.75 |
| | B) | 0.00 |
| | C) | -0.87 |
| | D) | 0.50 |
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| 29 | |
A negative correlation indicates that low values in one variable correspond to low values in the other. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
A correlational study cannot establish cause and effect. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Random assignment refers to the careful selection of participants for the study. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
The use of deception in research is not permitted because it violates the principle of informed consent. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
Social psychology is NOT the scientific study of which of the following? |
| | A) | Social thinking, including how we perceive ourselves and others. |
| | B) | Social influence including culture and biology. |
| | C) | Social relations, including things like helping and aggression. |
| | D) | Social trends across human history. |
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| 34 | |
In contrast to a sociologist, a social psychologist does which of the following? |
| | A) | A social psychologist focuses less on differences among individuals and more on broader social trends. |
| | B) | A social psychologist is more likely to use survey methods to track changes in attitudes toward a minority group over time. |
| | C) | A social psychologist is less likely to focus on broader social trends, and more likely to use experimental procedures to understand how people's attitudes affect their behaviour. |
| | D) | A social psychologist is more likely to focus on the impact of socio-economic status on group level outcomes and less likely to examine the individual within the group. |
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| 35 | |
What is the term for a testable proposition that describes a relationship that might exist between events? |
| | A) | Hypothesis |
| | B) | Hindsight bias |
| | C) | Theory |
| | D) | Attribution |
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| 36 | |
What is the term for ideas that summarize and explain facts? |
| | A) | Hypotheses |
| | B) | Theories |
| | C) | Variables |
| | D) | Research statements |
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| 37 | |
Which of the following is true of theories? |
| | A) | They make clear predictions that can be used to improve the theory. |
| | B) | They are factual statements of what does and does not happen. |
| | C) | They are testable predictions of what might happen. |
| | D) | They primarily exist to provide researchers with good mental exercise. |
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| 38 | |
The hindsight bias refers to which of the following? |
| | A) | The error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable. |
| | B) | Socially shared beliefs and values, including our assumptions about cultural ideologies. |
| | C) | The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. |
| | D) | The tendency for people to think about ways they could have changed the outcome of an event if only they acted differently. |
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| 39 | |
Social psychology is a science that studies the influence of our _____. |
| | A) | personality |
| | B) | childhood |
| | C) | situations |
| | D) | genes |
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| 40 | |
_____ are objective statements about what we observe. |
| | A) | theories |
| | B) | hypotheses |
| | C) | beliefs |
| | D) | facts |
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| 41 | |
The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon is also known as the _____ bias. |
| | A) | foresight |
| | B) | hindsight |
| | C) | farsighted |
| | D) | nearsighted |
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| 42 | |
The hindsight bias leads to an _____ of our intellectual powers. |
| | A) | overestimation |
| | B) | underestimation |
| | C) | idealization |
| | D) | Invalidation |
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| 43 | |
Compared with sociology, social psychology does which of the following? |
| | A) | Social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals and more on broader societal trends. |
| | B) | Social psychology focuses less on group differences and more on the impact of factors such as culture on group level outcomes. |
| | C) | Social psychology focuses less on group trends and more on individuals using methods that more often involve experimentation. |
| | D) | Social psychology is more likely to use survey methods to track changes in attitudes toward a minority group over time. |
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| 44 | |
A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events. |
| | A) | theory |
| | B) | hypothesis |
| | C) | variable |
| | D) | correlation |
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| 45 | |
Experiments are the only definitive way to establish cause and effect. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 46 | |
The hindsight bias is also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 47 | |
This type of research can determine causality. |
| | A) | correlational |
| | B) | experimental |
| | C) | observational |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 48 | |
A negative correlation is evidenced by which of the following? |
| | A) | Corresponding low values on two different variables. |
| | B) | Variables that go in the same direction. |
| | C) | Higher levels on one variable corresponding to lower levels on the other. |
| | D) | A value on a variable that is close to zero. |
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| 49 | |
We can determine causality in an experiment because the procedures include which of the following? |
| | A) | Random assignment to the experimental conditions. |
| | B) | Control that allows for isolation of the effects of the independent variable. |
| | C) | The manipulation of dependent variables. |
| | D) | Random assignment and experimental control. |
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| 50 | |
In an experiment, children are exposed to violent and non-violent television programs to see how violence affects behaviour. The type of television program is considered what type of variable? |
| | A) | independent |
| | B) | dependent |
| | C) | outcome |
| | D) | control |
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| 51 | |
This helps to ensure that experimental conditions are equivalent prior to experiencing the independent variable. |
| | A) | random assignment |
| | B) | random selection |
| | C) | external validity |
| | D) | mundane realism |
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| 52 | |
The degree to which an experiment produces the real psychological experiences that it is intended to create is known as what form of realism? |
| | A) | mundane |
| | B) | experiential |
| | C) | experimental |
| | D) | dependent |
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| 53 | |
An experiment on helping others in distress had high_____ because participants felt empathy for the victims even though it was not a scenario that they were likely to encounter in the real world. |
| | A) | experimental realism |
| | B) | mundane realism |
| | C) | informed consent |
| | D) | internal validity |
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| 54 | |
A weighing scale that consistently indicates that a person's weight is five pounds heavier than it is in reality is |
| | A) | valid |
| | B) | reliable |
| | C) | unreliable |
| | D) | reactive |
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| 55 | |
The closer a correlation is to _____, the weaker the correlation. |
| | A) | 1.00 |
| | B) | -1.00 |
| | C) | -0.99 |
| | D) | 0.00 |
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| 56 | |
In a study that investigates the effect of working in groups on academic performance, what type of variable is academic performance? |
| | A) | Extraneous variable |
| | B) | Independent variable |
| | C) | Dependent variable |
| | D) | Predictor variable |
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| 57 | |
Obtaining a representative sample is especially important when conducting what? |
| | A) | Surveys |
| | B) | Experiments |
| | C) | Case studies |
| | D) | Field research |
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| 58 | |
Which is not an explanation for a correlation between variables X and Y? |
| | A) | X causes Y |
| | B) | Y causes X |
| | C) | Z causes X and Y |
| | D) | X and Y cause Z |
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| 59 | |
One of the guiding principles of the Tri-Council policy is |
| | A) | equality. |
| | B) | respect for human dignity. |
| | C) | cultural diversity. |
| | D) | honesty. |
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| 60 | |
At the end of a study, participants are informed of its purpose during the process of ___________. |
| | A) | informed consent |
| | B) | deception |
| | C) | interviewing |
| | D) | debriefing |
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| 61 | |
A correlation means that one variable causes the other. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 62 | |
Informed consent refers to an ethical principle that ensures participants are given enough information to determine if they wish to participate in the study. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 63 | |
Findings can be directly generalized from a lab to the real world because a lab is a miniature replica of reality. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 64 | |
A measure is valid if it gives us the same result over and over again. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 65 | |
Correlations may range between 0 and 1.0. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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