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Captioned Animations
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Chapter 1
Three Domains

Chapter 2
Carbohydrate Structure
Protein Structure and Function
Enzyme Function
Protein Denaturation
DNA Structure
DNA Replication Base Pairings

Chapter 3
Gram Stain

Chapter 4
Biofilm Formation
Bacterial Locomotion
Chemotaxis
Bacterial Conjugation
Bacterial Conjugation: Transfer of a Plasmid
Peptidoglycan
Gram Stain
Compaction of Bacterial Chromosome
Bacterial Endospore Formation

Chapter 5
Endosymbiosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
Lysosomes
Chloroplast

Chapter 6
Reverse Transcriptase
Retroviruses
Replication of a Positive Sense RNA Virus
Entry of Virus Into Host Cell
Mechanism for Releasing Enveloped Virions
Steps in Replication of T4
Life Cycle of a T2 Phage
Lambda Phage Replication Cycle
Prions

Chapter 7
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis Summary
How Diffusion Works
How Osmosis Works
Cellular Responses to Osmotic Gradient
How Facilitated Diffusion Works
Membrane Active Transport
Group Translocation
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Food Pathogens and Temperature
Biofilm Formation
Quorum Sensing
Bacterial Cell Cycle
Binary Fission

Chapter 8
How Enzymes Work
Enzyme Action and the Hydrolysis of Sucrose
Biochemical Pathway
Feedback Inhibition of Biochemical Pathways
Enzyme Induction
The Coenzyme NAD
How Glycolysis Works
How the Krebs Cycle Works
Electron Transport System and Formation of ATP
Proton Pump
Photosynthesis Summary
Photosynthesis Reactions
Photosynthetic Electron Transport
How The Calvin Cycle Works
Carbon Fixation

Chapter 9
DNA Structure
Structural Basis of DNA Replication
DNA Replication Fork
Leading and Lagging Strands in DNA Replication
DNA Replication
Proofreading Function of DNA
Bidirectional DNA Replication
Simple Gene Expression
Transcription
mRNA Synthesis
Adding Amino Acids to tRNA Molecules
How Translation Works
Protein Synthesis Completion
How Spliceosomes Process RNA
Processing of Gene Information
Regulatory Proteins
Lac Operon Induction
Lac Operon Regulation
Antibiotic Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Bacterial Conjugation: Transfer of a Plasmid
Bacterial Conjugation
Bacterial Transformation
Transduction
Generalized Transduction
Specialized Transduction by Temperate Phage
Transposons
Mutation by Base Substitution
Addition and Deletion Mutations
Direct Repair
Thymine Dimers Formation and Repair
Mismatch Repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair

Chapter 10
Early Genetic Experiment
Restriction Endonucleases
cDNA
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Hybridization of DNA Probes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Integration and Excision of a Plasmid
Steps in Cloning a Gene 1
Steps in Cloning a Gene 2
Steps in Cloning a Gene 3
Sanger Sequencing
Using a DNA Microarray

Chapter 11
Control of Microorganisms
Protein Denaturation
Thymine Dimers
Cellular Responses to Osmotic Gradient

Chapter 12
Cell Wall Antibiotics
Antibiotic Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Antiviral Agents
Interferon
Antibiotic Resistance

Chapter 13
A-B Exotoxins

Chapter 14
Nonspecific Immunity
Lymphatic System
Phagocytosis
Phagocytic Cells
Toll Like Receptors
Inflammatory Response
Antiviral Activity of Interferon
Complement Function
Complement Activation
Activation of Complement

Chapter 15
Immune Response
T-Cells
Antibodies
Antibody Diversity
Clonal Selection
Antigenic Determinants
Superantigens
Interaction of Antigen Presenting Cells and T Helper Cells
Antigen Processing
T-Cell Dependent Antigens
Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity Against Target Cells
Agglutination and Precipitation
Vaccination
Constructing Vaccines

Chapter 16
IgE Mediated Type I Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic Type II Hypersensitivity
Immune Complex Type III Hypersensitivity
Delayed Type IV Hypersensitivity

Chapter 17
Agglutination and Precipitation
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay
Monoclonal Antibodies
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Hybridization of DNA Probes

Chapter 19
Prion Disease
Function of the Neuromuscular Junction

Chapter 20
Lymphatic System
Life Cycle of Plasmodium
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works
Integration of HIV into Host Cell
HIV Replication
Treatment of HIV Infection

Chapter 21
Respiratory System Overview
A-B Exotoxins

Chapter 22
Overview of Gastrointestinal Tract
Ulcers

Chapter 24
Carbon Cycle
Root Nodule Formation
Water Cycle

Chapter 25
Food Pathogens and Temperature








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